Thinking Skills: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

346 Index

photographic, 161

statistical, 269–77

exhaustive searches, 98–9

expertise, 151

explanations, 25, 137–42

explicit assumptions, 63

eyewitness accounts, 145, 151–2

facts, and opinions, 16–17

fairness, arguments from, 188

fallacies, 70–7

false cause, 76

flawed reasoning, 70, 73–4, 184

flow diagrams, 249–50

further argument, 191–4

generalisations, 26, 71

genre, 196–7

graphical information, 86, 87, 102–4

graphical methods of solution, 235–7

heuristic methods, 82

hidden premises, 64–5

‘higher order’ skills, 1

hypotheses, 18–19, 106–9, 168

hypothetical claims, 25, 251

imaginative thinking, 2

imperative sentences, 16

implicit assumptions, 63, 65–6

implicit conclusions, 60–1, 126

inadmissible evidence, 151

independent thinking, 9

indirect evidence, 145

induction, 263

inference, 38, 74–5, 106–9, 126–35, 225–7

inference indicators, 28

insufficient reason, 72–3

interdependent premises, 39

intermediate answers, 93

intermediate conclusions, 43

interrogative sentences, 16

investigations, 220–3

jumping to conclusions, 75, 139

justified claims, 21–3

control groups, 274

correlation, 76, 166

corroborative evidence, 145–6, 153, 163

counter-arguments, 47–8, 177–81

counter-examples, 192

creative thinking, 2

credibility, 150–3

critical evaluation, 183–90

Critical Thinking (academic discipline), 7–8

cynicism, 9

data, 86–8

analysis, 225–7

processing, 90–2

raw, 144, 269–70

scientific, 163

selectivity, 270–4

decision trees, 242–4, 283–5

decision making, 123–4, 279–85

declarative sentences, 16

deductive reasoning, 256–7, 260

deep-rooted assumptions, 67–8

definition, claims by, 24

degree, differences of, 289–91

deontology, 292–3

diagrammatic information, 86, 88

differences of degree, 289–91

differences of kind, 289–91

diffuse conclusions, 54–5

dilemmas, 309–10

direct evidence, 145

directed searches, 98–9

distracters, 53

documents, 7

elimination of incorrect answers, 247

embedded arguments, 46–7

ethical arguments, 187–8, 291–4

Euler diagrams, 256–7

evaluation, 22, 183–90

evidence, 144–8

anecdotal, 71–2

circumstantial, 145

corroborative, 145–6, 153, 163

‘hearsay’, 11, 145

inadmissible, 151