SGBP Final 4

itself consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the ...

The spinal cord is surrounded by three layers of protective membranes called meninges. Of the three sets of membranes protecting ...

Intervertebral foramina (side view) Thirty-one pairs of nerve roots emerge from the spinal cord through these spaces. At each ve ...

Each vertebra has a hole in the middle (spinal canal) through which a large bundle of nerves – the spinal cord – passes. The spi ...

Paraspinal muscles help us bend forward, backward and sideways The muscles of the spine There are a vast number of muscles that ...

Muscle spasm protects the injured area from further damage Muscle spasm A muscle spasm is experienced when your muscle tightens ...

There are two groups of paraspinal muscles that act as extensors of the spine (bend it backwards) and are most often injured due ...

Spinal surgery damages the multifidus muscles and destabilizes the spine offer great strength to the lumbar area. The appearance ...

The lower back, or lumbar spine, can be vulnerable to many pain-causing injuries or disorders because the lumbar vertebrae carry ...

Iliopsoas The Iliopsoas is actually composed of two muscle groups. The Psoas component (also known as the Psoas muscle) arises f ...

Muscle spasm is a very important and most common cause of back pain. When this muscle group contracts, it pulls the body forward ...

Mechanical causes – Here the cause is simply due to poor posture or improper lifting/ twisting resulting in muscle or ligament ...

Mechanical causes of back pain We come back to the same question that we asked in the previous chapter – why do we humans alone ...

Sitting puts almost twice the pressure on intervertebral discs as standing We have only ourselves to blame, since the most commo ...

Hamstring Muscle Shortening When we sit down, the hamstrings are pulled and maintained in that position for as long as we are si ...

Office chair sitting thus has major back pain related consequences:  Tight hamstrings  Iliopsoas strain  Erector Spinae muscl ...

Physiological causes As mentioned earlier in the first chapter, women tend to suffer more from back pain than men. Physiological ...

Women suffer from back pain as part of their everyday lives Caring for babies and young children – breast feeding, bathing, pic ...

At the workplace: The kind of jobs women do in the workplace also contributes a great deal to the increased incidence of back pa ...

Forward bending and twisting is the most common initiator of low back pain Pathological causes of back pain Sources of pain Pain ...