Human Anatomy Vol 1

THORAX

lnferior vena cava

Right phrenic nerve

Right vagus

Aorta

Azygos vein

Thoracic duct

Greater splanchnic nerve

Lesser splanchnic nerve

Right crus of diaphragm

Superior epigastric vessels

-" Central tencion

Left vagus

Oesophagus

Oesophageal branch of Ieft gastric

aftery and accompanying veins

Median arcuate ligamerrt

Medial arcuate ligament

Lateral arcuate ligament

Subcostal vessels and nerve

Left crus of diaphragm

Sympathetic trunk

Fig. 12.16: Structures passing through the diaphragm

Opening

Vena cava

Oesophageal

Aortic

Situation

T8, junction of right and

median leaflet of

central tendon

T10, splitting of

right crus

T12, behind

median arcuate

ligament

Quadrilateral

Elliptical

Rounded

Structures passing

rvc

Right phrenic nerve

Lymphatic of liver

Oesophagus

Both vagal trunks

Left gastric vessels

Aorta

Thoracic duct

Azygos vein

Effect on contraction

Dilation

Constriction

No change

A young adult suffering from chronic anaernia was
asked to get sternal puncture done to find out the
reason for anaemia
o What is sternal puncture/bone marrow biopsy?

. Classify bones according to sliape.

Ans:'[hu ste]'nlr{n is single me.ii;}n iin+ bone in t}:
itnterior parrf of the thr:racie efi$e. Ii is a $lat l"rne" lts
upFer part, ntanubrium is rvicJer erlid c*r:tplises t\r.G

1:l*tes of c**'lp;rct bone witlt int*rvening cancel]ci*rs

bone. During sternal punehre a thick needle is

of cr:mpact bone till it reaches the bone ma w in

aspirated a slides are prepared immediately to be

stained and studied to find out if the defect is in

matulation of RBC or WBC.

short bone, e.g. tarsal b s; flat bone, e.g, stemum;

irregular bone, e.g. \'ertebra; sesam$id bone, e.g.

patella; pneu tic bone, e.g" maxilla.