Human Anatomy Vol 1

LUNGS

Case 1

A young boy with sore throat while playing with

small coins, puts^3 coins in his mouth. When asked

by his mother, he takes out two of them, and is not

able to take out one.

. Where is the third coin likely to pass?
. What can be the dangers to the boy?

Ans: Since the trr:y was having sore throat, it is likely

the coin has been inhaled into his respiratory

Large spongy lungs occupy almost whole of

thoracic cage leaving little space for the heart and

accompanying blood vessels, etc.

Bronchopulmonary segments are independent

functional units of lung.

Lungs are subjected to lot of insult by the smoke

of cigarette / bidis / pollution.

Tuberculosis of lung is one of the commonest killer

in an underdeveloped or a developing country.

Complete treatment of TB is a must, otherwise the

bacteria become resistant to antitubercular

treatment.

passages" The coin would pass down the larynx,

trachea, right principal bronchus, as it is in line with

trachea. e coin further descends into lower lobe

bronchus, and inio its posterior basal segrnent. That

segment of the lung would get blocked, causing

respiratory symptoms.

If the coin goes ilto orophar and oesophagus,

it will comfortably travel down whole of digestive

tract and would corne out in the faecal matter next

duy.

Case 2

A 4S-year-old man complained of severe cough,loss

of weight, alteration of his voice. He has been

smoking for last 25 years. Radiograph of the chest

followed by biopsy revealed bronchogenic car-

cinoma in the left upper lobe of the lung.

. Where did the cancer cells metastasise?
o What caused alteration of his voice?
Ans: The bronchogenic carcinoma spread to the
breinchomediastinal lymph nodes. The left supra-
clavicular nodes are also enlarged and palpable; so
these are called 'sentinal nodes'. The enlarged
bronchomediastinal lymph may exert pressure on
the ieft recurrent laryngeai nerve in the thorax
causing alteration of voice. The cancer of iung is
mostly due to smoking.

MUIIIPIE CHOICE SUESTIONS

1..

4.

Which one of the following structures is not related

to medial surface of right lung?

a. Superior vena cava

b. Thoracic duct

c. Trachea

d. Oesophagus

\Atrhich of the following structures is single at the

root of each lung?

a. Pulmonary vein

b. Pulmonary artery

c. Bronchus

d. Bronchial artery

Which one of the following is not a common relation

to the roots of both lungs?

a. Anterior pulmonary plexus

b. Pericardiacophrenic vessels

c. Superior vena cava

d. Phrenic nerve

Part of lung aerated by a respiratory bronchiole is:

a. A lobule

b. A segment

c. Alveolus

d. Pulmonary unit

5. Respiratory bronchiole ends in all microscopic
   passages except:
   a. Alveolar ducts
   b. Atria
   c. Pulmonary alveoli
   d. Terminal bronchiole


6. The effect of parasympathetic onlungs areallexcept:
   a. Motor to bronchial muscle
   b. Secretomotor to mucous glands of bronchial tree ':'1'
   c. Responsible for cough reflex
   d. Causes bronchodilation


7. Which of the following structures run in the
   intersegmental planes of the lungs?
   a. Segmental venules
   b. Bronchial vessels
   c. Pulmonary arteries
   d. Bronchus