Human Anatomy Vol 1

APPENDIX 2

Artery

3-11 posterior

intercostal arteries

(Fis. 1a.e)

Bronchial arteries

Oesophageal branches

Pericardial branches

Table A2.2: Arteries of lhorax Gontd.)

Origin, course and termination Area of distribution

Mediastinal branches Arise from descending aorta

Superior phrenic arteries Two branches of descending aorta. End in the superior Supply the thoracoabdominal diaphragm

suface of diaphragm. These arteries anastomose with

branches of musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic

arteries.

Table A2.3: Comparison of right and left coronary arteries

3-1 1 posterior intercostal arteries of both right and left

sides arise from the descending thoracic aorta. Flight

branches are little longer than the left. Each intercostal

artery and its collateral branch end by anastomosing

with the two anterior intercostal arteries

Two left bronchial arteries arise from descending aofta

2-3 oesophageal branches arise from descending aorta

Branches of descending aorta, run on the pericardium

Supply the muscles of these intercostal

spaces. Each of these arteries gives a

collateral branch, which runs along the lower

border of the respective intercostal space

Bronchial tree

Supply the oesophagus

Fibrous and parietal layer of serous

pericardia

Supply lymph nodes and fat in posterior

mediastinum

Left coronary artery

1. Left posterior aortic sinus of ascending aofta


2. Between pulmonary trunk and left auricle


3. Descends in atrioventricular groove on the left side


4. Turns at left border to run in posterior part of atrioventricular
   groove. lt is called circumflex branch


5. lts circumflex branch ends by anastomosing with right
   coronary artery


6. Left atrium, left ventricle and anterior interventricular branch
   for both ventricles and anterior 2/3rd of interventrlcular septa.
   Anterior interventricular branch ends by anastomosing with
   posterior interventricular branch


7. Supplies left branch of atrioventricular bundle including
   its Purkinje fibres

lower border of rib above and.upper border of rib

below.

Course

Typical intercostal nerve enters the posterior part of

intercostal space by passing behind the posterior

intercostal vessels. So the intercostal nerve lies lowest

in the neurovascular bundle. The order from above

downwards is vein, artery and nerve (VAN). At first

the bundle runs between posterior intercostal membrane

and subcostalis, then between inner intercostal and

innermost intercostal and lastly between inner inter-

costal and sternocostalis muscles.

Right coronary artery

1. Origin: Anterior aortic sinus of ascending aorta


2. Course: Between pulmonary trunk and right auricle


3. Descends in atrioventricular groove on the right side


4. Turns at the inferior border to run in posterior part of
   atrioventricular groove


5. Termination: Ends by anastomosing with the circumflex
   branch of left coronary artery


6. Branches: To right atrium, right ventricle (marginal ar1ery)
   and posterior interventricular branch for both ventricles
   and posterior 1/3rd of interventricular septa


7. Supplies sinuatrial node, atrioventricular (AV) node, AV
   bundle, right branch of AV bundle including its
   Purkinje fibres

bronchial tubes or bronchodilator. The pressure of

inspired air also causes bronchodilatation.

Typical intercostal nerves are any of the nerves

belonging to 3rd to 6th intercostal spaces.

Beginning
Typical thoracic spinal nerve after it has given off dorsal
primary ramus or dorsal ramus is called the intercostal
nerve. It runs in the intercostal space, i.e. between the