Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology

Contents (^) Preface........................................ .xv......
(^) To the Learner........................... .xv......
(^) Learning Supplements........................... xviii......
(^) To the Instructor.......................... .xix......
(^) The Learning Lab................................. .xx......
(^) About the Author................................... xxi....
(^) Acknowledgments............................... .. xxii.....
(^) How to Use This Book............................ .xxiii.....
CHAPTER 1
The Human Body
CHAPTER 2
The Chemistry of Life
(^)
Introduction. 3
Terms of Direction. 4
Planes. 5
Cavities. 5
Structural Units. 6
Homeostasis. 13
Summary Outline. 14
Review Questions. 15
Introduction. 17
Atomic Structure. 18
Elements, Isotopes, Compounds. 18
Bonds and Energy. 20
Common Substances in Living Systems. 21
Water.......................... 21
Carbon Dioxide..................... 22
Molecular Oxygen.................... 22
Ammonia........................ 22
Mineral Salts/Electrolytes............. .. 22.
Carbohydrates...................... 22
Lipids........................ (^).. 23
Proteins......................... 24
Nucleic Acids.................. .. 25..
Adenosine Triphosphate............... (^).. 26
Movement of Materials into and out of Cells. 28
Diffusion...................... 28..
Osmosis....................... (^).. 28
pH........................... 30
Summary Outline. 33
Review Questions. 36
Laboratory Exercise: The Chemistry of Life. 37
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