Tissues
- It protects vital organs (bones of skull and thorax) and
provides immunity (lymphoid tissue and white blood
cells).^
- It insulates and maintains temperature (adipose
tissue).^
- It provides storage areas: bone stores calcium and
phosphorous, adipose tissue stores fat.^
- It attaches and separates other tissues of the body.
Muscle Tissue
- The three types of muscle tissue are smooth, striated or
skeletal, and cardiac.^
- Due to the interaction of two proteins, actin and
myosin, muscle cells can shorten their length or
contract. Some pull on bones through tendons and
bring about movement.^
- Smooth muscle cells are long, unicellular, and
nonstriated. They are involuntary and are arranged in
two layers around hollow organs: an outer lon-
gitudinal layer and an inner circular one. They are
found in the digestive tract, arteries and veins, and the
ureters of the kidney.^
- Striated or skeletal muscle cells are long, multinu-
cleated, and striated. They are voluntary and pull on
bone, causing movement.^
- Cardiac muscle cells are found only in the heart. They
are striated, uninucleated, and cylindrical in shape with
branches that connect to branches of other cardiac cells
via intercalated disks. These cells are responsible- for
pumping blood through the heart.
Nervous Tissue
- Nervous tissue is composed of two types of nerve
cells: neurons are conducting cells and neuroglia
are supporting and protecting cells.^
- A neuron is composed of a cell body with a nucleus,
extensions of the cell body called dendrites, and a
long axon with axon endings.^
- Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the
activities- of the body.
Review Questions
1.^ Name the three cell^ shapes of epithelial tissue.^
2. Name the two types of exocrine glands and give an
example of each.^
- Name four functions of epithelial tissue.
109
*4. Compare the structure of epithelial tissue with that of
connective tissue.^
*5. Why is adipose tissue considered a good
insulator?^- Name five functions of connective tissue and give
examples.^
7.^ Name the three types of muscle tissue.^ - Name the two types of nerve cells found in nervous
tissue.
*Critical Thinking Questions
Fill in the Blank
Fill in the blank with the most appropriate term.
The three types of loose connective tissue are: (^)
(^) , , (^)
and. (^)
are cells that form fibrils and (^)
are active in the repair of injury. (^)
are phagocytic cells that (^)
operate outside the vascular system—they are often (^)
fixed and are found in areolar tissue. (^)
cells function in the produc- (^)
tion of heparin and histamine. (^)
tissue is loose connective (^)
tissue with fat-containing cells. (^)
Examples of dense connective tissue having a regu- (^)
lar arrangement of fibers are , (^)
(^) , and. (^)
Examples of dense connective tissue hav-
ing an irregular arrangement of fibers are^
, , (^)
, and^
sheaths.^
8. The three types of cartilage are (^)
(^) , , and (^)
9.
(^). (^)
The two common types of bone tissue are (^)
10.
(^) and. (^)
A tooth is made up of ; (^)
the crown of the tooth is covered by (^)
(^) , the hardest substance in (^)
the body. (^)
11. membranes line the cavities (^)
of the freely moving joints and bursae.^
- The two types of protein fibers that can be
found in the matrix of connective tissue are^
and.