The Chemistry of Life (^27)
(^)
(^) HOCH 2 O OH HOCH 2 O OH (^)
(^) H H H (^) H (^)
(A) H
H (B) H^
H
(^)
OH H OH OH (^)
(^) Deoxyribose Ribose (^)
(^) O (^)
(C)
CH 2 O
Nitrogen
(^) – (^)
(^) O P O (^) base
- O
Deoxyribose (^)
Phosphate
(^)
group OH (^)
(A)
Purines Pyrimidines (^)
NH 2 Adenine O Thymine (^)
(DNA and RNA) (DNA only) (^)
(^) C C (^)
(^) N C N H N C CH 3
C^ H^
H C^ C^ N^ O^ C^ C^ H^
N N (^)
H (^)
H (^)
(^) O Guanine NH 2 Cytosine (^)
(DNA and RNA) (DNA and RNA) (^)
C C (^)
H^ N C N^ N C H
C
H
(^)
(^)
H^2 N^ C^ C^ N^ O^ C^ C^ H^
N^ N^
H (^)
H (^)
(^) O Uracil (^)
(RNA only) (^)
(^) C (^)
(^) H N C H
O
H
C^ C^
(^) N (^)
H^
(B)
Figure 2- 11 (A) The structure of a nucleotide and (B) their nitrogen bases.
(^) ®
Learning
Cengage ©
(discussed in greater detail in Chapter 4). An ATP mol-
ecule is made by putting together an adenosine diphos-
phate (ADP) with a phosphate group (PO 4 ): ADP 1 PO 4 1
energy S ATP. The energy stored in the ATP molecule is
then used to run the cell and to perform activities such
as structural repair, reproduction, assimilation, and
transport of materials across cell membranes. This oc-curs
when we break down an ATP molecule by releasing the
energy in the phosphate bonds: ATP S ADP 1 PO 4 1
energy (to do cell processes).