Key Terms

Chapter

17

Alveolar-capillary membrane/
respiratory membrane.....

.. 417
Alveolar ducts/atria........... 417
Alveolar sacs................ 417
Alveoli..................... 417
Arytenoid cartilages........ .. 413
Auditory/eustachian tube...... 412
Bronchial tree............... 415
Bronchioles................. 415
Bronchopulmonary segment... 417
Corniculate cartilage........ .. 413
Cricoid cartilage.............. 413
Cuneiform cartilage........... 413
Epiglottis................... 413
Exhalation/expiration....... .. 418
External respiration........... 418
Fauces.................... 412 ..
Glottis.................... 413 ..
Inferior meatus.............. 411

Inhalation/inspiration....... .. 418

Internal nares.............. .. 410

Internal respiration......... .. 418

Laryngopharynx............. 412

Larynx.................... .. 412

Left primary bronchus......... 415

Lobules.................... 417.

Middle meatus............... 411

Nasal cavities............... 410.

Nasal septum............... 410.

Nasopharynx............... 412.

Nostrils/external nares...... .. 410

Olfactory stimuli............. 410

Oropharynx................ 412.

Parietal pleura............. 416.

Partial pressure............ 419.

Pharynx.................... 410

Pleural cavity............... 416.

Pleural membrane............ 416

Pleurisy/pleuritis............. 417

Respiration.................. 409

Respiratory bronchioles....... 417

Right primary bronchus....... 415

Secondary/lobar bronchi...... 415

Superior meatus............. 411

Surfactant.................. 417

Terminal bronchioles........ .. 415

Tertiary/segmental bronchi.... 415

Thyroid cartilage /

Adam’s apple............ 413.

Trachea.................. 414 ...

Ventilation/breathing....... .. 418

Vestibular folds/false

vocal cords............... 414.

Vestibules................... 410

Visceral pleura............. 416.

Vocal folds/true vocal cords.... 414

Introduction

The trillions of cells of our body need a continuous sup-ply
of oxygen to carry out the various and vital processes that
are necessary for their survival. Cellular respiration, which
converts food into the chemical energy of adeno-sine
triphosphate (ATP), produces large quantities of carbon
dioxide gas. An excess accumulation of this gas in tissue
fluids produces acidic conditions in the form of carbonic
acid that can be poisonous to cells. Thus, this gas must be
quickly eliminated.

The two systems of the body that share the responsi-

bility of supplying oxygen and eliminating carbon diox-ide

gas are the cardiovascular system and the respiratory

system. The respiratory system consists of the organs that

exchange these gases between the atmosphere and the

blood. Those organs are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea,

bronchi, and lungs (Figure 17-1). In turn, the blood in the

cardiovascular system transports these gas-es between the

lungs and the cells. The overall exchange of gases between

the atmosphere, the blood, and the cells is called

respiration. This term is to be distinguished

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