Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology

40

be covered with row on row of hundreds of cilia. (For
instance, cells in our respiratory tract produce mu-cus to
trap dust and microorganisms that get past the hairs in our
nose, then move the material to our throat to be swallowed
and passed out through the digestive system.) The human
sperm cell, which must travel up the uterus of the female to
the upper one-third of the fallopian or uterine tube to
fertilize an egg, has a fla-gellum to propel it along its
journey. Plant cells that

Chapter 3

do -photosynthesis (the conversion of light energy into

chemical energy, i.e., foods like sugars) have special or-

ganelles called chloroplasts.

When one observes a cell under the microscope in a

laboratory, the most prominent structure in the cell is the

nucleus, which is the control center of the cell. For this

reason, the protoplasm of the cell is subdivided into two

sections: the protoplasm inside the nucleus is called

nucleoplasm, and the protoplasm outside the -nucleus is

Smooth endoplasmic (^)
reticulum (“little network (^)
Nucleolus within” cell “matter”)^
Mitochondria^
Nucleus
Plasma membrane^
Pinocytic vesicle
Vacuole
Peroxisome
Cytoskeletal
(microtubules and
microfilament)
Lysosome^ Ribosomes^
Centrioles
(“tiny centers”)
Golgi apparatus Chromosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(“colored bodies”) (“little network within”
cell “matter”)
Figure 3- 1 A diagram of a typical animal cell illustrating a three-dimensional view of cell
ultrastructure.
(^) ®
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