Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology

Index

humerus, 147f, 160, 162f, 184, 215,
215f, 216f^
humoral immunity, 358
hyaline cartilage, 100, 100f
hydrocortisone, 290
hydrogen bonds, 20
hydrogen ions, 31, 32, 433, 435, 441
hydroxyl group, 23
hymen, 469
hyoid bone, 150, 154, 154f, 379,
380f, 415f^
hyperextension, 184, 185f, 193
hyperopia, 272
hyperparathyroidism, 288
hypertension, 338
hyperthyroidism, 287, 294
hypertonic solution, 30
hypertrophy, 223 hypodermis,
118
hypoglossal nerve, 253f, 260, 260f,
26 1f^
hypoglycemia, 291
hypoparathyroidism, 288
hypophysis, 283– 285
hypothalamus, 10, 252 – 253, 252f,
255f, 256, 282f, 283,
284, 284f,^
hypothyroidism, 283
hypotonic solution, 30
H zone, 200

I^
I bands, 200
ileocecal valve, 390, 390f
ileum, 390, 390f
iliac artery, 334f
iliacus, 218, 219f
iliac veins, 336f, 340
iliopsoas, 220f
iliotibial tract, 211f
ilium, 164, 165f, 166
immune system, 11, 11f, 307,
358 – 359, 359f. See
also^ lymphatic system^
immunoglobulins, 358 – 359, 359f
immunologists, 362
impetigo, 126, 127f
impotence, 476, 479 incisors,
382, 383f incompetent heart
valve, 339 incus, 150, 265–
266, 266f infarction, 314, 339

infectious disease specialists, 318
infectious mononucleosis, 316

inferior articular processes, 155

inferior meatus, 411

inferior mesenteric artery, 335

inferior position, 5, 4f

inferior vena cava, 328f, 329, 336,

336f, 436f^

infertility, 477

influen za, 422

infraspinatus, 211f, 215, 216f

infundibulum, 256, 283, 284f, 465

ingestion, 374

inhalation, 418

insertion, muscles, 209

inspiration, 418

inspiratory capacity (IC), 425

insula, 258

insulin, 13, 290–291, 291f, 386,

388f integumentary system

acne, 123 burns,

119, 120f^

defense mechanism, 361

disorders, 127–129, 128f–129f

functions of, 124–125, 130

hair, 118–122, 121f laboratory

exercise, 135 layers of skin,

113, 114f, 115f,^

116 – 118,

nails, 122, 122f

overview, 7, 9f

skin cancer, 125^

intercalated disks, 105

intercostal arteries, 335

intercostal trunk, 356, 356f

interleukin - 1, 360

interlobar arteries, kidney, 439

interlobar veins, kidney, 440

internal iliac artery, 336 internal

iliac vein, 336f, 340 internal

intercostal, 218 internal jugular

vein, 336f, 340 internal nares,

410

internal oblique, 218, 218f, 219f

internal os, 466

internal respiration, 418

internal urinary sphincter, 443, 443f

internuncial neurons, 239 interossei,

217f, 218, 222f interphase, 74, 74f

interstitial cells of Leydig, 455f, 457

interstitial fluid, 350, 354–357, 356f

interventricular foramen, 252 – 253,

252f, 255f^

interventricular septum, 327, 328f

intervertebral disks, 242–243, 244f

intestinal glands, 390

523

intestinal trunk, 356, 356f

intestines, 208, 374, 375f, 376f.

See also large intestine;

small intestine^

intramembranous ossification, 141

inversion, 184, 186f

involuntary muscle, 6

iodine, 287

ionic bonds, 20, 20f, 21–22ions, 20

iris, 263, 265f

iron, 311

iron-deficiency anemia, 315

irregular bones, 145f, 146

ischium, 164, 165f, 166

islets of Langerhans, 290, 291f,

386, 388f^

isoleucine, 24f

isometric contraction, 208

isotonic contraction, 208

isotonic solution, 30

isotopes, 18 – 19

isthmus, 466

J^

jejunum, 390, 390f

joints. See also specific joint name

aging and, 196 amphiarthroses,

182

bursae, 190–191, 191f

diarthroses, 182–184, 182f, 182f

disorders of, 192–^193

health alert, 187 laboratory

exercise, 197 synarthroses,

181 – 182 synovial joints,

movement,^

184 – 187, 184f, 186f

synovial membranes, 102

types of, 187–199, 188f, 189f^

jugular trunk, 356, 356f

jugular veins, 336f

K^

keratin, 115, 116

keratinization, 115

kidneys

adrenal glands, 288–289, 288f

anatomy of, 437–439, 437f–438f

hormones and, 258–286 kidney

stones, 288^

overview, 5, 11, 433–436,

436f urea metabolism, 22^

kidney stones, 444

killer T cells, 360