Hamstrings^ Long muscles at the back of the thigh^
A condition where the center (nucleus pulposus) of the (^)
Herniated disc intervertebral disc protrudes through the outer fibrous layer (^)
(annulus fibrosus) of the disc. (^)
Intervertebral The opening formed between adjacent vertebrae from which the (^)
foramen^ spinal nerves exit. There is an opening on each side.^
Laminae^ Flat pieces ofpedicles that form the back wall of the spinal canal.^ the vertebral arch extending from the vertebral^
(^) A back muscle whose fibers extend to each region of the spine, (^)
Multifidus muscle from sacral to cervical. Contributes to extension and lateral (^)
rotation of the spine. (^)
Nucleus pulposus^ The soft and gelatinous center of an intervertebral disc.^
A disease in which the cartilage that cushions the ends of the (^)
Osteoarthritis bones at the joints wears away, leading to pain, stiffness, and (^)
(^) bony overgrowths, called spurs. (^)
Osteoporosis^ A condition in which the bones become porous and brittle andbreak easily.^
(^) Short, thick bony structures which project backwards from each (^)
Pedicles side of the vertebral body and are joined by the laminae to (^)
complete the back wall of the spinal canal. (^)
Sacrum^ Lowermost portion of the spinal column consisting of 3bones, collectively in the shape of a triangle.^ - 5 fused^
Sciatica^ Pain down to the foot.felt down the back and outer side of the thigh. May extend^
(^)
Scoliosis^ A condition in which the spine curves to one side.^
The space that houses the spinal cord and spinal nerves (^)
Spinal canal throughout the length of the vertebral column. Provides openings (^)
for the exit of paired spinal nerves from the spinal cord. (^)
The narrowing of the spinal canal (through which the spinal cord (^)
Spinal stenosis runs), often by the overgrowth of bone caused by osteoarthritis of (^)
(^) the spine. (^)
Spinous processes^ Bony projections directly off the back of the spine that provideattachments for spinal ligaments and muscles.^
(^)
Spondylolisthesis^ Forward displacement of a vertebra from the vertebra belowto degenerative changes in the facet joints.^ due^
(^)