MedicationsThere are many types of medications available to help patients control the pain level and
to reduce the swelling around the painful joints. Some medications, such as
paracetamol, focus just on reduction of pain. Others, such as NSAIDs (e.g. aspirin,
ibuprofen diclofenac, aceclofenac, mefenamic acid), focus on reduction of joint
inflammation as well as pain relief. Muscle relaxants help reduce muscular spasm and
thereby decrease the intensity of pain. A variety of over-the-counter creams and
ointments containing muscle relaxants and analgesics are also available.
Acetaminophen/ Paracetamol
For mild pain and discomfort without inflammation, over-the-counter acetaminophen
or paracetamol may be sufficient treatment. These tablets do not reduce inflammation,
but are effective pain relievers and less likely to cause stomach problems than NSAID’s.
All painkillers must be taken only after food and not on an empty stomach.
Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, naproxen, and
ketoprofen. Anti-inflammatory medications help reduce swelling and inflammation and
promote healing and are thus better than plain analgesics. When taken in higher doses
and on a regular basis, enough of the drug builds up to have a true anti-inflammatory
effect. All anti-inflammatory drugs must be taken only after food and not
on an empty stomach.
Opioids
Opioids, such as morphine and codeine, meperidine, or oxycodone-release are rarely
used and only if pain is severe. Due to their addictive nature, these drugs are not
routinely prescribed, as many physicians believe they do more harm than good. They
will also make you drowsy, hence are best avoided.