ProminentamongthemwasHenrySpira,aformercivilrights
activistwho put togethercoalitions againstthe Draizeand
LD50tests.TheCoalitiontoAbolishtheDraizeTestbegan
byinvitingRevlon,asthelargestcosmeticscompanyinthe
UnitedStates,toput onetenthofonepercentofitsprofits
toward developing an alternative to the Draizetest. When
Revlon declined,full-page advertisements appeared in The
New York Times asking “HOW MANYRABBITS DOES
REVLON BLIND FOR BEAUTY’S SAKE?”^64 People in
rabbitcostumesappearedatRevlon’sannualgeneralmeeting.
Revlongotthemessageandallocatedtherequestedfundsto
payforresearchonalternativestoanimalexperiments.Other
companies,suchasAvonandBristol-Myers,followedsuit.^65
Asaresult,earlyBritishworkinthisfieldbytheFundforthe
ReplacementofAnimalsinMedicalExperimentswastaken
upon alarger scalein theUnitedStates,especiallyatthe
JohnsHopkinsCenterforAlternativestoAnimalTesting,in
Baltimore.Increasinginterestledtothelaunchingofseveral
majornewjournals,suchasIn-VitroToxicology,CellBiology
and Toxicology, andToxicology in Vitro.
Ittooksometimeforthisworktoshowresults,butgradually
theinterestinalternativesgrew.CorporationssuchasAvon,
Bristol-Myers, Mobil, and Procter & Gamble began using
alternatives in their own laboratories, thus reducing the
numberofanimalsused.Towardtheendof1988,therateof
change began to
quicken. In November, an international campaign against
BenettonledbytheWashington,D.C.,organizationPeople
fortheEthicalTreatmentofAnimalspersuadedthefashion
chaintostopusinganimaltestsinitscosmeticsdivision.^66 In
December 1988 Noxell Corporation, manufacturer of
NoxzemaskincreamsandCoverGirlcosmetics,announced