the heatstroke victim’s temperature is brought down, the
greater the chances of recovery.”^83
In 1984 experimenters working for the Federal Aviation
Administration,stating that“animalsoccasionally diefrom
heat stress encountered during shipping in the nation’s
transportationsystems,”subjectedtenbeaglestoexperimental
heat.Thedogswereisolatedinchambers,fittedwithmuzzles,
and exposed to 95 degreesFahrenheit combinedwith high
humidity.Theyweregivennofoodorwater,andwerekeptin
theseconditionsfortwenty-fourhours.Thebehaviorofthe
dogswasobserved;itincluded“deliberateagitated activity
suchaspawingatthecratewalls,continuouscircling,tossing
oftheheadtoshedthemuzzle,rubbingthemuzzlebackand
forth on thefloor ofthe crate, and aggressiveactson the
sensorguards.”Someofthedogsdiedinthechambers.When
the survivorswere removed, some vomited blood, and all
were weak and exhausted. The experimenters refer to
“subsequent experiments on more than 100 beagles.”^84
In a further example of military experimentation, R. W.
Hubbard, of the U.S. Army Research Institute of
EnvironmentalMedicineinNatick,Massachusetts,hasbeen
publishingpapers with titlessuch as“Rat Modelof Acute
Heatstroke Mortality” for more than a decade. It is well
knownthatwhenrats arehottheyspread salivaover their
bodies;thesalivaplaysthesamecoolingroleassweatingin
humans.In 1982 Hubbardandtwocolleaguesnotedthatrats
unabletoproducesalivawillspreadurineifnootherfluidis
available.^85 Soin 1985 thesamethreeresearchers,joinedby
afourth,injectedratswiththedrugatropine,whichinhibits
bothsweatingandthesecretionofsaliva.Otherratshadtheir
salivaryglandsremovedbysurgery.Theexperimentersthen