- Broiler Industry, December 1987, and Hippocrates,
September/October 1988. Perdue has confirmed that his
chickensaredebeakedinalettertome.SeealsotheAnimal
RightsInternationaladvertisement,“Frank,areyoutellingthe
truthaboutyourchickens?”TheNewYorkTimes,October20,
1989, p. A17.
24.F.Proudfoot,H.Hulan,andD.Ramey,“TheEffect of
Four Stocking Densities on Broiler Carcass Grade, the
IncidenceofBreastBlisters,andOtherPerformanceTraits,”
Poultry Science58: 791–793 (1979).
25.Turkey World, November/December 1986.
26.Poultry Tribune, January 1974.
27.FarmerandStockbreeder,January30,1982;quotedby
Ruth Harrison,Animal Machines, p. 50.
28.Feedstuffs, July 25, 1983.
29.American Agriculturist, July 1966.
30.USDAstatisticsindicatethatin 1986 thepopulation of
commerciallayerswas 246 million.Assumingthatthemale/
femalehatchingratioisroughly 50 percent,andthateachbird
is replaced
approximatelyeveryeighteenmonths,theaboveestimateisa
minimum one.
31.American Agriculturist, March 1967.
32.Upstate, August 5, 1973, report by Mary Rita Kiereck.