24.D.PimentalandM.Pimental,Food,EnergyandSociety
(NewYork:Wiley,1979),chapter9;Iowethisreferenceto
Keith Akers,A Vegetarian Sourcebook, p. 117.
- SeeJ. R.Baker: The HumaneKilling of Lobsters and
Crabs,TheHumaneEducationCentre,London,nodate;J.R.
BakerandM.B.Dolan,“ExperimentsontheHumaneKilling
of Lobsters and Crabs,” Scientific Papers of the Humane
Education Centre 2: 1–24 (1977). - My change of mind about mollusks stems from
conversations with R. I. Sikora.
27.See pages 230–231 below.
- “Struggle” is not altogether a joke. According to a
comparative study publishedin TheLancet (December 30,
1972),the“meantransittime”offoodthroughthedigestive
system of a
samplegroupofnonvegetariansonaWesterntypeofdietwas
betweenseventy-sixandeighty-threehours;forvegetarians,
forty-two hours.Theauthors suggesta connectionbetween
the lengthof time thestool remains in thecolon and the
incidenceofcancerofthecolonandrelateddiseaseswhich
haveincreasedrapidlyinnationswhoseconsumptionofmeat
hasincreasedbutarealmostunknownamongruralAfricans
who,likevegetarians,havea dietlowinmeatand highin
roughage.
29.DavidDavies,“AShangri-LainEcuador,”NewScientist,
February1,1973.Onthebasisofotherstudies,RalphNelson
oftheMayoMedicalSchoolhassuggestedthatahighprotein
intakecausesusto“idleourmetabolicengineatafasterrate”