exploringtheirsurroundingsasnormalmonkeysdo.Butthe
report ends inconclusively and ominously:
Whether[theresults]canbe tracedspecificallytovariables
such as chamber shape, chamber size, duration of
confinement,ageattimeofconfinementor,morelikely,toa
combinationoftheseandothervariablesremainsthesubject
of further research.^12
Another paper explains how, in addition to the “well of
despair,” Harlow and his colleagues created a “tunnel of
terror” to produce terrifiedmonkeys,^13 and in yet another
report Harlow describes how he was able “to induce
psychologicaldeathinrhesusmonkeys”byprovidingthem
with terry cloth-covered “mother surrogates” that were
normallykeptatatemperatureof 99 degreesFahrenheit,but
couldberapidlychilledto 35 degreesFahrenheittosimulatea
kind of maternal rejection.^14
Harlow is now dead, but his students and admirers have
spread across the United States and continue to perform
experiments
inasimilarvein.JohnP.Capitanio,underthedirectionofone
of Harlow’s students, W. A. Mason, has conducted
deprivationexperimentsatthe CaliforniaPrimate Research
Center at the University of California, Davis. In these
experiments, Capitanio compared the social behavior of
rhesus monkeys “reared” by a dog with that of monkeys
“reared” by a plastic hobbyhorse. He concluded that
“althoughmembersofbothgroupswereclearlyabnormalin
theextentoftheirsocialinteractions,”themonkeyswhohad
beenkeptwiththedogcopedbetterthanthosekeptwiththe
plastic toy.^15