GMAT Official Guide Quantitative Review 2019_ Book

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3.0 Math Review

To answer quantitative reasoning questions on the GMAT exam, you will need to be familiar with

basic mathematical concepts and formulas. This chapter contains a list of the basic mathematical

concepts, terms, and formulas that may appear or can be useful for answering quantitative reasoning

questions on the GMAT exam. This chapter offers only a high-level overview, so if you find unfamiliar

terms or concepts, you should consult other resources for a more detailed discussion and explanation.

Keep in mind that this knowledge of basic math, while necessary, is seldom sufficient in answering

GMAT questions. Unlike traditional math problems that you may have encountered in school, GMAT

quantitative reasoning questions require you to apply your knowledge of math. For example, rather than

asking you to demonstrate your knowledge of prime factorization by listing the prime factors

of a number, a GMAT question may require you to apply your knowledge of prime factorization and

properties of exponents to simplify an algebraic expression with a radical.

To prepare for the GMAT如antitative Reasoning section, we recommend starting with a review of

the basic mathematical concepts and formulas to ensure that you have the foundational knowledge

necessary for solving the questions, before moving on to practicing the application of this knowledge on

real GMAT questions from past exams.

Section 3.1, "Arithmetic," includes the following topics:

1. Properties oflntegers


2. Fractions


3. Decimals


4. Real Numbers


5. Ratio and Proportion


6. Percents


7. Powers and Roots of Numbers


8. Descriptive Statistics


9. Sets


10. Counting Methods


11. Discrete Probability

Section 3.2,''Algebra," does not extend beyond what is usually covered in a first-year high school

algebra course. The topics included are as follows:

1. Simplifying Algebraic Expressions
   2. Equations


2. Solving Linear Equations with One
   Unknown
   4. Solving Two Linear Equations with
   Two Unknowns
   5. Solving Equations by Factoring
   6. Solving Qyadratic Equations
   7. Exponents
   8. Inequalities
   9. Absolute Value


3. Functions

Section 3.3, "Geometry," is limited primarily to measurement and intuitive geometry or spatial

visualization. Extensive knowledge of theorems and the ability to construct proofs, skills that are usually

developed in a formal geometry course, are not tested. The topics included in this section are the following:

1. Lines
   2. Intersecting Lines and Angles


2. Perpendicular Lines
   4. Parallel Lines
   5. Polygons (Convex)
   6. Triangles


3. <2.1iadrilaterals


4. Circles


5. Rectangular Solids and
   Cylinders


6. Coordinate Geometry 15