Ackman, Bill, 165, 177, 181, 194
action logics, 136
activism
CEO, 47–65
investor, 176–177, 180–182, 195
after- sales services, 98
agency- based governance model,
165–182
compared with company-
centered model, 188–189
fl aws in, 166–167, 169–174
foundations of, 168–169
implications for companies of,
178–180
and investor activism, 176–177
and moral hazard, 172–173, 182
in practice, 174–178
and value creation/transfer,
180–182
See also company- centered gover-
nance model
agency costs, 169
agency theory, 166, 168–186, 190
agile environment, 148–149
Ailes, Roger, 217–218, 233
Airbnb, 120, 131
algorithms, 72–73
Ali, Mohamad, 58
Alibaba, 117, 118, 122, 130. See also
hub fi rms
Allen, Woody, 207–208
Allergan, 165, 172, 174, 177, 181,
193–197
Alphabet, 117, 123. See also hub
fi rms
Amazon, 117, 122, 128, 130. See also
hub fi rms
American Civil Liberties Union,
53
Ant Financial, 118, 122
Anthem, 79, 81–82, 121
Anti- Defamation League, 53
Apple, 55–57, 117, 122, 123, 125, 128,- See also hub fi rms
artifi cial intelligence (AI), 67–84
business benefi ts of, 70
challenges of, 71, 75
future of, 82–83
job losses from, 83, 105
pilot projects, 78–81
portfolio of projects for, 76–78
scaling up use of, 81–82
technology selection, 78
types of, 68–75
understanding technologies of,
75–76
use of, 67–68, 77
Ashford, Susan, 109–116
asset managers, 170–172, 190–191
augmented reality (AR), 85–108
about, 86–90
applications, 86, 87, 101–104
capabilities of, 90–93
cost savings from, 100
creation and management of,
100–102
deployment of, 101–104
digital content for, 102–103
to enhance decision making, 89
hardware, 103–104
impact of, 85–86, 90, 105, 108
and physical environment, 103
as product feature, 94–95
and strategy, 99–101
and value chain, 95–99
value creation by, 94–99
and virtual reality, 93–94
workings of, 106–107
authority cultural style, 138, 143
automation, 68–71, 75, 78, 105
automotive sector, 123–126
awareness raising, by CEO activists,
51–52
AZEK, 97, 102
Index