Ubuntu Unleashed 2019 Edition: Covering 18.04, 18.10, 19.04

Check   the Apache  site    for security    reports.    Browse  to

http://httpd.apache.org/security_report.html    for links   to  security

vulnerabilities for Apache  2.0,    2.2,    and 2.4.    Subscribe   to  a   support list    or

browse  through up-to-date  archives    of  all Apache  mailing lists   at

http://httpd.apache.org/mail/(for   various articles    or

http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html  for comprehensive   and organized   archives.

CAUTION

Be  wary    of  installing  experimental    packages    and never   install them    on

production  servers (that   is, servers used    in  “real   life”). Very    carefully   test

packages    beforehand  on  a   host    that    is  not connected   to  a   network!

For more information about installing software from the Ubuntu repositories,
see Chapter 9, “Managing Software.”

Starting and Stopping Apache

At this point, you should have installed your Apache server with its default
configuration. Ubuntu provides a default home page at
/var/www/html/index.html as a test.

You can start Apache from the command line of a text-based console or X
terminal window, and you must have root permission to do so. How you do so
depends on the release version of Ubuntu that you are running. For Ubuntu
16.04 and later, you use systemd commands. For earlier Ubuntu releases
like 12.04 and 14.04 that used Upstart, you use Upstart commands. Some
prefer to use apache2ctl commands, which work across most
distributions. Table 25.1 compares the commands.

Table 25.1 Comparing commands used in systemd, Upstart, and apache2ctl

Actionsystemd Upstart apache2ctl

Start sudo  systemctl   start

apache2.service

sudo    start

apache2

sudo

apache2ctl

start

Stop sudo   systemctl   stop

apache2.service

sudo    stop

apache2

sudo

apache2ctl

stop

Restartsudo systemctl

restart

sudo

restart

sudo

apache2ctl