ranges. D has new methods of dealing with concurrency, scaling, and internal
integration of features such that the presence of one feature does not harm
another—for example, offering classic polymorphism, value semantics,
functional style, contract programming, and more. Like C, D is compiled to
native code.
We haven’t really seen D in use in the real world yet, but it is receiving a lot
of attention in the academic and research world. The buzz among
programmers is that D is very promising and could become a successor to C,
as it is intended to be.
To use D on Ubuntu, you write programs in your favorite text editor. To
compile, you must first download and install a package from the D
Programming Language website, at http://dlang.org/download.html, following
the instructions at the site.
Dart
Dart is a new language and an open source project headed up by Google. It is
a suite of tools and libraries focused on scalable web application engineering.
You write code in Dart, and it is compiled to JavaScript, which means that
what you write will already be able to run in every major web browser and on
nearly all servers. Dart is class based and object oriented. The code is concise
without being enigmatic. The syntax looks very familiar and is pretty easy to
figure out if you have some experience with other major languages. Dart
allows you to create and use types, but it does not require types, and it is
designed to be modular and scalable, offering the ability to organize your
code with functions, classes, libraries, and so on. The compiler can weed
extraneous libraries from your code, such as those you included but never
used, during compilation to create a smaller application. It can even minify as
it compiles to JavaScript.
To use Dart on Ubuntu, download it along with the editor and tools from the
Dart website, at www.dartlang.org.
Elixir
Elixir is a dynamic, functional language based on Erlang. It has an interactive
mode and an executable mode. The main differences between Elixir and
Erlang lie in the realm of convenience. Elixir has its own package
management system, macros, and build tool. It is compatible with existing
Erlang libraries. Its main use at the moment is for building scalable web-