In a hydration reaction, water adds to a carbonyl, forming a geminal diol—a compound with two
hydroxyl groups on the same carbon. Hydrogen peroxide and potassium dichromate are
oxidizing agents that can convert an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid. Ethanol will react with a
carbonyl compound to form an acetal or a ketal, if excess ethanol is available.13 . A
Ammonia, or NH 3 , will react with an aldehyde like glutaraldehyde to form an imine. This is a
condensation and a substitution reaction, as the C=O of the carbonyl will be replaced with a C=N
bond.
14 . C
Hydrides like LiAlH 4 and NaBH 4 are reducing agents; as such, they will reduce aldehydes and
ketones to alcohols. The other reagents listed are oxidizing agents, which will not act on a
ketone.
15 . D
During tautomerization, the double bond between the carbon and nitrogen in an imine is moved
to lie between two carbons. This results in an enamine—a compound with a double bond and an
amine.