In This Chapter

11.1 Infrared   Spectroscopy

Intramolecular  Vibrations  and Rotations

Characteristic  Absorptions

11.2 Ultraviolet    Spectroscopy

Electron    Transitions

Conjugated  Systems

11.3 Nuclear    Magnetic    Resonance   Spectroscopy

Proton  NMR (^1 H–NMR)

Concept Summary