Figure 12.2. Separatory Funnel
Used to separate solvents based on their relative densities; the denser solvent is always drained first.
KEY CONCEPT
Extraction depends on the rules of solubility and like dissolves like. Remember the three
intermolecular forces that affect solubility:In this example, we’ll assume that the aqueous layer is more dense and settles to the bottom of the
separatory funnel. Once we drain the aqueous layer from the separatory funnel, we repeat the
extraction several times. Additional water is added to the separatory funnel; it is shaken and allowed
Hydrogen bonding: Compounds that can do this, such as alcohols or acids, will move
most easily into the aqueous layer
Dipole–dipole interactions: These compounds are less likely to move into the aqueous
layer
Van der Waals (London) forces: With only these interactions, compounds are least likely
to move into the aqueous layer