lseek function, 156
mkdir function, 100
mkfifo function, 101, 235
open function, 100, 155, 156–158
pathsep character, 92
pipe function
file descriptors and, 224
functionality, 100, 230
redirecting output, 132
popen function
communicating with, 96
exit status, 216
functionality, 95
launching mail program, 910
redirecting streams, 128, 129
shell listing command, 164–166
standard streams and, 103
portability constants, 92
program exits, 215
putenv function, 113, 1497
read function, 155
remove function, 101, 159
rename function, 159
sep character, 92
shell commands from scripts, 94–100
spawnv function, 100, 112, 258–261
spawnve function, 112, 258–261
startfile function, 263
stat function, 101, 160, 1216
system function, 95, 96, 216
tools by functional area, 90
unlink function, 159
walk function
find function and, 322
functionality, 101
handling Unicode filenames, 172
scanning directory trees, 169–171, 273
write function, 155
os.path module
abspath function, 94
functionality, 77
isdir function, 93
isfile function, 93
join function, 93
samefile function, 1216
split function, 93, 1224
tools supported, 91, 92–94
Output class, 124
output files, 137–139
output stream buffering
deadlocks and flushes, 231–233
Pexpect and, 131, 234
program exits and, 218
pty module and, 233P
Pack class, 377
packer geometry manager
combining with grid, 568–570
defined, 370
expand and fill options, 398
grid comparison, 566–568
layout system, 397
making expandable, 570
resizing widgets, 374
packing
scroll bars, 526
widgets without saving, 377–378
paging script example, 79
PanedWindow widget class, 595
parallel processing
defined, 177
forking processes, 179–184
IPC support, 222–243
multiprocessing module, 243–258
portable framework, 263
program exits, 213–222
socket server portability and, 813–815
spawning clients, 798–801
starting programs, 258–263
system tools coverage, 268
threads, 186–213
parameters
passing in hidden fields, 1172
passing in hidden form fields, 1176
passing in URLs, 1153–1155, 1170–1172,
1254–1257
query, 1138, 1176
parent process, 179
parsing
binary data, 151–153
command-line arguments, 107
custom language parsers
adding parse tree interpreter, 1449–
1454
expression grammar, 1440
parse tree structure, 1454
parser code, 1441–14491570 | Index