[Python编程(第4版)].(Programming.Python.4th.Edition).Mark.Lutz.文字版

Table 12-2. Common Internet-related standard modules

Python modules Utility

socket, ssl Network and IPC communications support (TCP/IP, UDP, etc.), plus SSL secure sockets

wrapper

cgi Server-side CGI script support: parse input stream, escape HTML text, and so on

urllib.request Fetch web pages from their addresses (URLs)

urllib.parse Parse URL string into components, escape URL text

http.client, ftplib,

nntplib

HTTP (web), FTP (file transfer), and NNTP (news) client protocol modules

http.cookies,

http.cookiejar

HTTP cookies support (data stored on clients by website request, server- and client-side

support)

poplib, imaplib, smtplib POP, IMAP (mail fetch), and SMTP (mail send) protocol modules

telnetlib Telnet protocol module

html.parser, xml.* Parse web page contents (HTML and XML documents)

xdrlib, socket Encode binary data portably for transmission

struct, pickle Encode Python objects as packed binary data or serialized byte strings for transmission

email.* Parse and compose email messages with headers, attachments, and encodings

mailbox Process on disk mailboxes and their messages

mimetypes Guess file content types from names and extensions from types

uu, binhex, base64,

binascii, quopri, email.*

Encode and decode binary (or other) data transmitted as text (automatic in email

package)

socketserver Framework for general Net servers

http.server Basic HTTP server implementation, with request handlers for simple and CGI-aware servers

We will meet many of the modules in this table in the next few chapters of this book,
but not all of them. Moreover, there are additional Internet modules in Python not
shown here. The modules demonstrated in this book will be representative, but as
always, be sure to see Python’s standard Library Reference Manual for more complete
and up-to-date lists and details.

More on Protocol Standards

If you want the full story on protocols and ports, at this writing you can find a com-

prehensive list of all ports reserved for protocols or registered as used by various com-

mon systems by searching the web pages maintained by the Internet Engineering Task

Force (IETF) and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). The IETF is the

organization responsible for maintaining web protocols and standards. The IANA is

the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet pro-

tocols. Another standards body, the W3 (for WWW), also maintains relevant docu-

ments. See these web pages for more details:

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