USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Obstetrics/Gynecology (Kaplan Test Prep)

GYN TRIAD Limitations of WHI Women with prominent vasomotor symptoms, the most common reason for initiating HT ...

Table II-12-6. WHI–Benefit and Risk (Mean Age of 63 Years) Estrogen and Progestin Estrogen Only Vaginal dryness Bene ...

In 2013, the Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormonal Therapy (MHT) by the International Menopause Soc ...

Administration of Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT). Estrogen alternatives In patients with contraindications to ...

estrogen antagonist effects on others. Although protective against the heart as well as bone, these medicatio ...

13 ...

THE FEMALE BREAST ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe normal breast development Differentiate between benign breast disorders and breast c ...

NORMAL BREAST DEVELOPMENT EMBRYOLOGY Breasts begin developing in the embryo about 7–8 weeks after conception, con ...

PUBERTY From infancy to just before puberty, there is no difference between female and male breasts. With ...

ANATOMY The breast is made of lobes of glandular tissue with associated ducts for transfer of milk to the ...

NOTE Refer to chapter 1 for a discussion of Tanner stages. There is a preponderance of glandular tissue in ...

Figure II-13-1. Breast ...

HORMONES Reproductive hormones are important in the development of the breast in puberty and in lactation. Estrogen, ...

LACTATION The breasts become fully developed under the influence of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin during ...

MAMMOGRAPHY Mammography is an outpatient office radiologic procedure. ...

NOTE The conflicting recommendations for age to start mammography are the result of differing views of “harm versus b ...

BENIGN BREAST DISORDERS CYSTIC BREAST MASS A 40-year-old menstruating woman had a 2 cm cystic breast mass c ...

NOTE Mammograms are discussed in detail in Gynecology, chapter 1. Diagnosis. Cyst aspiration and fine-needle aspirati ...

FIBROCYSTIC BREAST CHANGES A 30-year-old woman experiences bilateral breast enlargement and tenderness, which fluctuat ...