DIAGNOSING PREGNANCY

Presumptive signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, breast tenderness, nausea
and vomiting, increased skin pigmentation, and skin striae.

Probable signs of pregnancy include enlargement of the uterus, maternal
sensation of uterine contractions or fetal movement, Hegar's sign (softening of
the junction between the corpus and cervix), and positive urine or serum β-
human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) testing.

Positive signs of pregnancy include hearing fetal heart tones, sonographic
visualization of a fetus, perception of fetal movements by an external examiner,
and x-ray showing a fetal skeleton.

Table I-4-1. Signs  of  Pregnancy

Presumptive Unrelated   to  uterus  or  fetus Amenorrhea

Probable Related    to  uterus  or  mother’s    feelings Increased  uterine size    

β-hCG

Definitive Related  to  the fetus Sonogram  of  fetus   Heard   FHT

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