VACUUM EXTRACTOR
A vacuum extractor is a cuplike instrument that is held against the fetal head
with suction. Traction is thus applied to the fetal scalp, which along with
maternal pushing efforts results in descent of the head leading to vaginal
delivery. The cups may be metal or plastic, rigid or soft.
A vacuum extractor has some advantages over forceps.
A vacuum extractor also has some disadvantages over forceps.
The indications for a vacuum extractor are similar to those of forceps.
Fetal head orientation: Precise knowledge of fetal head position and attitude
is not essential.
Space required: The vacuum extractor does not occupy space adjacent to the
fetal head.
Perineal trauma: Third- and fourth-degree lacerations are fewer.
Head rotation: Fetal head rotation occurs spontaneously at the station best
suited to fetal head configuration and maternal pelvis.Cup pop-offs: Excessive traction can lead to sudden decompression as the
cup suction is released.
Scalp trauma: Scalp skin injury and lacerations are common.
Subgaleal hemorrhage and intracranial bleeding are rare.
Neonatal jaundice arises from scalp bleeding.