Figure 7.22.A schematic representation of six expression cassettes inserted within each of the aux-
illary vectors described in Figure 7.20. (a) A variety of promoters have been used to generate each
expression cassette, either the nopaline synthase gene promoter (pNOS), the enhanced cauliflower
mosaic virus RNA promoter (pCaMV 35S) with the untranslated leader region of tobacco mosaic
virus (TMV), the promoter of cassava vein mosaic virus (pCsVMV), theA. thalianaplant defensin
1.2 promoter (pPDF1.2), the promoter of the GUbB1 gene ofHelianthus annuus(pUBI), or the pro-
moter of themannopine synthasegene (pMAS) with an upstream activating sequence of the octopine
synthase promoter (uasOCS). These promoters drive the expression of a variety of genes, including
theS. hygroscopicusphosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene (pat), the coding sequence of the
DmAMP1 defensin (DmAMP1), the acetolactate synthase coding sequence (als), the E. coli
b-glucuronidaseuidAgene (gus), the firefly luciferase gene (luc), or theRsAFP2defensin-
coding sequence (RsAFP2). Each cassette also contains a terminator; the terminator from the
184 RECOMBINANT DNA, VECTOR DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION