The range of medicinal herbs and spices 119
Ta ble 7.2 Major essential oils in herbs and spices
Common name Scientific name Essential oils
Allspice Pimenta officinalis Phenol-eugenol, cinool, laevo-phellandrene,
caryophyllene, eugenol-methyl ether, palmitic acid^58.
Anise Pimpinella anisum Trans-anethole, methyl chavicol, cis-anethole,
p-anisic acid, carvone, estragole, limonene,
anisaldehyde, alpha- and beta-pinene, eugenol,
camphene, sabinene, saffrol, myrcene, linool,
cis-anethol55,85.
Bay leaf Laurus nobilis Monoterpenoid, acetates, cineole, benzenoides,
linalool, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol55,56.
Caraway Carum carvi Carvone, limonene, carveol, phyllandrene,
dihydrocarveol, dihydrocarvone, pinene, terpene55,56,85.
Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum Terpinyl acetate, terpineol, terpene terpinene,
sabinene, cineole, crystalline substance58,85.
Cassia Cinnamonum Cinnamic aldehyde with methyl eugenol,
aromaticum salicylaldehyde, methylsalicylaldehyde55,56.
Celery seed Apium graveolens Limonene, phthalides, beta-selinene, selinene, apiol,
santalol, sedanolide, lsedanic acid, citric, isocitric,
fumaric, malic, and tartaric acids From seed oil: oleic,
palmitic, paliloleic, petroselinic, petroselaidic, stearic,
myristic, myristoleic acid55,56.
Chives Allium schoenoprasum Cycloalliin, allicin55,56.
Cinnamon Cinnamonum Leaf-eugenol, eugenol acetate, benzyl bezoate,
zeylanicum linalool, safrol, cinnamaldehyde. Bark-
cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, benzaldehyde,
cuminaldehyde, pinene, cineol, phyellandrene55,78.
Cloves Eugenia caryophyllata Eugenol, caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, alpha-
terpinyl acetate, eugenyl, methyl eugenol, acetyl
eugenol, naphthalene, chavicol, heptanone,
sesquiterpenes, acetyl eugenol, methyl salicylate,
pinene, vanillian55,56.
Coriander seed Coriandrum sativum Linalool (coriandrol), alpha-pinene, terpinene,
cymene, decylaldehyde, borneol, geraniol, carvone,
anethole55,56.
Cumin Cuminum cyminum Aldehydes, cumin ester, limonene, pinene, alpha-
terpineol, cymene, phyllandrene, myrecene,
camphene, borneol55,56.
Dill Anethum graveolens Carvone, limonene, phyllandrene, eugenol, pinene,
3, 9-epoxy-p-menth-1-ene, 4,5-dimethoxy-6-
(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole55,56.
Eucalyptus Eucalyptus citriodora Citronellal, isopulegol, neoisopulegol, eucalyptol,
pinene, limonene, alpha-terpineol, linalool,
geraniol, pinocarvone, myrtenal, carvone, cineole,
cuminaldehyde, citral, aromadendrene, globulol,
eudesmol, eudesmyl acetate55,56.
Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Anethole, fenchone, methyl chavicol, limonene,
phyllandrene, pinene, anisic acid, camphene,
palmitic, oleic, linoleic, petroselinic acids55,56.
Fenugreek Trigonella foenum- Linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid55,56.
graceccum
Garlic Allium sativum Alliin, allicin, allypropyl, disulphide, sesquiterpene,
allyl-propyl disulphide55,58.
Ginger Zingiber officinale Sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons, zingiberene,
ar-curcumene, farnesene, alpha- and beta-selinene,
camphene, neral, nerol, beta-sesquiphyllandrene,
oxygenated monoterpenoids, 1, 8-cineole, beta-
bisabolene, geranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate,
alpha-copaene55,56.