Volatiles from herbs and spices 183
11.4 Volatiles and plant sources.............................................................
The spices and herbs discussed here consist of black pepper, cardamom, ginger,
turmeric, cinnamon, cassia, clove, nutmeg, cumin, coriander, fennel, fenugreek, ajowan,
asafoetida, basil, mint, spearmint and rosemary. The chief chemical constituents of
these spices and herbs are listed in Table 11.2.
11.4.1 Major volatiles in herbs and spices
The common volatiles found in spices and herbs are as follows:
Monoterpene hydrocarbons
Camphene, d-3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, myrcene, cis-ocimene, a-phellandrene,
b-phellandrene, a-pinene, b-pinene, sabinene, a-terpinene, g-terpinene, terpinolene,
a-thujene.
Oxygenated monoterpenes
Borneol, camphor, carvacrol, cis-carveol, trans-carveol, carvone, carventanacetone,
1,8-cineole, cryptone, p-cymen-8-ol, p-cymen-8-methylether, dihydrocarveol,
dyhidrocarvone, linalool, cis-menthadien-2-ol, 3,8,(9)-p-menthadien-1-ol, 1(7)-p-
menthadien-6-ol, 1(7)-p-menthadien-4-ol, 1,8(9)-p-menthadien-5-ol, 1,8(9)-p-
menthadien-4-ol, cis-p-2-menthen-1-ol, myrtenal, myrtenol, methyl carvacrol, trans-
pinocarveol, pinocamphene, cis-sabinene hydrate, trans-sabinene hydrate, 1-terpinen-
4-ol, 1-terpinen-5-ol, a-terpineol, 1,1,1,4-trimethyl cyclo-hepta-2, 4-dien-6-ol,
phellandral, piperitone, citronellal, nerol, geraniol, isopinocamphone, methyl citronillate,
methyl geranate, a-terpinyl acetate, terpinolene epoxide and trans-limonene
epoxide.
O-PPb-FarneseneOHBisabolol Bisabolene
(d)
Fig. 11.4 continued