Volatiles from herbs and spices 191
the composition of bark oil from 25 samples of Cinnamomum cassia and the major
components identified were (E)-cinnamaldehyde (92.0–98.0%), (Z)-cinnamaldehyde
(0.8–2.7%), b-caryophyllene (0.4–3.6%), coumarin (0.1–1.6%) and a-ylangene (0.1–
2.7%). Analysis of the chinese cassia oil by HPLC method and supercritical CO 2
extraction indicated cinnamaldehyde content as 68.2–71.9% and 73.9–74.4%,
Table 11.4 Continued
Percentage compositionNo. Compound 1 2 3 4
52 b-Biabolene +2-bisabolene 4.25 2.15 3.10 0.49
53 d-Guaiene 0.82 0.17 0.09 1.85
54 Cuparene 1.38 0.09 0.14 0.04
55 d-Cadinene 0.12 – 0.07 0.13
56 (2)-Nerolidol 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.05
57 Elemol 0.11 0.06 0.07 0.08
58 (E)-Nerolidol 0.12 0.04 0.07 0.03
59 Caryophyllene alcohol 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.02
60 Caryophyllene oxide 0.90 0.35 0.38 0.25
61 Cedrol 0.07 – 0.05 0.05
62 a-Cadinol 1.51 0.29 0.12 1.27
63 a-Cadinol 0.26 0.12 0.15 0.25
64 b-Bisabolol 0.20 0.09 0.17 0.14
Source: Narayanan 2000.
t = trace (<0.01%)
1 = Panniyur-1 2 = Panniyur-2 3 = Panniyur-3 4 = Panniyur-4.
Table 11.5 Percentage composition of cardamom volatile from different sources
Component Var. Malabar Var. Malabar Var. Mysore Sri Lanka
(Ceylon) (Gautemala) (Wild)
a-Pinene 1.10 0.71 1.40 13.00
Camphene 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.13
Sabinene 2.50 3.40 3.10 4.90
b-Pinene 0.20 0.34 0.26 4.90
Myrcene + terpinene 1.80 1.50 1.10 2.50
a-Phellandrene <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.42
D-Limonene 0.02 0.12 0.14 2.10
1,8-Cineole 31.0 23.4 44.0 3.30
g-Terpinene 0.12 0.34 0.10 22.2
Linalool 2.10 4.50 3.00 3.70
Citronellal <0.01 0.04 0.06 0.13
4-Terpineol 0.14 0.28 0.87 15.3
a-Terpineol 1.40 1.90 1.50 0.86
Citronellol <0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.01
Nerol 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.78
Linalyl acetate 3.30 6.30 3.10 0.31
Geraniol 0.27 0.38 0.25 0.34
a-Terpinyl acetate 52.5 50.7 37.0 0.14
Geranyl acetate 0.08 0.13 0.15 1.50
Trans-nerolidol 0.09 0.83 0.07 0.44
Cis-nerolidol 0.23 1.60 0.28 0.37
Source: Zachariah 2002.