344 Handbook of herbs and spices
- A. schoenoprasum L. var. scaberrimum Regel, (Trudy Imp. S. –Peterburgsk. Bot.
Sada 3(2): 80. 1875) Leaves, leaf sheaths, and scap scabrous-denticulate along
angles, Fl. Aug. distributed in meadows, along streams; 2000–2500 m Xinjang in
China, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia.- A. schoenoprasum L. var. foliosum Mutel. Originated in the Mediterranean region,
with two to five smooth leaves (Mutel, 1834).
- A. schoenoprasum L. var. orientale Regel. Bulb usually solitary or paired, rarely
clustered (Xu and Kamelin, 2000).
A. schoenoprasum section contains several closely related speices, in part of polyploid
nature, with partly unclear species status. It is not certain whether geographical
varietals exist, probably need more work in near future to clear.
Nowadays there are a few plants commonly called ‘chives’ or ‘green onions’, but
some of them are not A. schoenoprasum. For example, A. cepiform, a ‘chive’ (Rubatzky
and Yamaguchi, 1997) from China with tender leaves named xi-xiang-cong, is possibly
a cross of A. cepa x A. festival. Many people also call A. fistulosum L. var. aespitosum
Makino ‘chive’. These varietals are different in flavour from chives, and usually have
only white flowers, or no flowers.
19.5 References and further reading......................................................
AHARONI, N., REUVENI, A. and DRIR, O. (1989), Modified atmospheres in film packages delay senescence
and decay of fresh herbs, Acta Hort., 258, 255–262.
BERNHARD, R.A. (1970), Chemotaxonomy, distribution studies of sulphur compounds in Allium.
phytochemistry, 9, 2019–2027.
BINNS, M.R. and NYROP, J.P. (1992), Sampling insect populations for the purpose of IPM decision
making. Annual Review of Entomlogy, 37, 427–453.
BLOCK, E. (1992), The organosulfur chemistry of the genus Allium – implications for the organic
chemistry of sulfur, Angewandte Chem. International edition in England, 31, pp. 1135–1178.
BLOCK, et al. (1992), Allium Chemistry: HPLC Analysis of Thiosulfinates from Onion, Garlic, Wild
Garlic (Ramsoms), Leek, Scallion, Elephant (Great-Headed) Garlic, Chive, and Chinese chive.
Uniquely High Allyl to Methyl Ratios in Some Garlic Samples. J. Agri food Chem, 40. pp.
2418–2430.
BOND, W., BARSTON, S., BEVAN, J.R. and LENNARTSSON, M.E.K. (1998), Optimum weed removal timing in
drilled salad onions and transplanted bulb onions grew in organic and conventional systems.
Biological Agriculture and Horticuture, 16, 191–201.
BOSCH SERRA, A.D. and CURRCH, L. (2002), Agronomy of Onions, in: Rabbinowitch, H.D. and Currah,
L. (eds) Allium Crop science: Recent Advances CAB International, 187–232.
CANTWELL, D. and REID, M. (1993), Postharvest Physiology and Handling of Fresh culinary herbs, J.
Herbs, Spices, Med. Plant. 1: 83–127.
CHEREMUSHKINA, V.A. (1985), Osobennosty ritma sezonnogo ravitija I varianty malogo jiznennogo
zikla konevishnikhlokov (seasonal development rhythm and variants of the minor life cycle in
rhizomatous onions). Bjulleten Moskovoskogo Obshestva Ispitatelei Privody 90(4), 96–106.
CHEREMUSHKINA, V.A. (1992), Evolution of life forms of species in subgenus Rhizirideum (Koch)
Wendelbo, genus Allium L. In: Hammer, K. and Knupffer, H. (eds). The Genus Allium – Taxonomic
problems and Genetic Resources. Proceedings of an International Symposium, 11–13 June
- IPK, Gartersteben, Germany, pp.27–34.
ENGELKE, T. and TATIOGLU, T. (2000a), The wi gene causes genic male sterility in A. schoenoprasum
L. Plant Breeding, pp.119, 325–328.
ENGELKE, T. and TATIOGLU, T. (2000b), Mitochondrial genome diversity in connection with male
sterility in A. schoenoprasum L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 100, 942–948.
ENGELKE, T. and TATIOGLU, T. (2000c), Genetic analysis supported by molecular methods provides
evidence of a new genic (st1) and new cytoplasmic (st2) male sterility in A. schoenoprasum L.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, pp.101, 478–486.