14 Handbook of herbs and spices
Ta ble 1.2 Mycobiota, mycotoxigenic species and possible mycotoxin production in red pepper
Mycobiota Incidence Mycotoxins produced References
(%) by moulds according
to the literaturea
Absidia sp. Flannigan and Hui, 1976
Chaetomium 80*a Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
jodhpurense
Aspergillus 30 Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
alutaceus
A. flavus 43–100 Aflatoxin B 1 Flannigan and Hui, 1976;
Cyclopiazonic acid Bhat et al., 1987;
3-nitropropionic acid Martinez-Magana et al.,
1989;Abdel-Hafez and El Said,
1997; Heperkan and Ermiş,
2004
A. niger 12.5–100 Ochratoxin A Flannigan and Hui, 1976;
Martinez-Magana et al., 1989
Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
A. ochraceus 12.5 Penicillic acid Martinez-Magana et al., 1989
Ochratoxin A
Xanthomegnin
Viomellein
Vioxanthin
A. oryzae 10 Cyclopiazonic acid Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
3-nitropropionic acid
A. parasiticus 60 Aflatoxin B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , G 2 Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
Bhat et al., 1987
A. sclerotia 33 Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
A. terreus 7 Citrinin Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
Citreoviridin
Patulin
A. versicolor 3 Sterigmatocystin Flannigan and Hui, 1976
Nidulotoxin Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
Emerciella 10–30 Sterigmatocystin Flannigan and Hui, 1976
nidulans Nidulotoxin Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
(A.nidulans) Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
Eurotium 33–70 Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
amstelodami Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
E. chevalieri 10–50 Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
E. rubrum 3–50* Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
Gibberella 50 Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
(Fusarium)
Monascus ruber 3 Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
Mucor sp. 90 Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
P. brevicompactum 7 Mycopenolic acid Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
Botryodipliodin
P. c h rysogenum 30 Roquefortine C Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
P. crustosum 3 Roquefortine C Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
Penitrem A
P. corylophilum 40 Abdel-Hafez and El Said, 1997
P. griseofulvum 3 Roquefortine C, Heperkan and Ermiş, 2004
Cyclopiazonic acid
Patulin
Griseofulvin