Handbook of Herbs and Spices - Volume 3

(sharon) #1

450 Handbook of herbs and spices


26.6 References.......................................................................................


BAUER K, GARBE D and SURBURG H (1990), Common Fragrances and Flavour Materials. Preparation,
Properties and Uses, Weinheim, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH.
BISSET N (1994), Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Stuttgart, CRC Press.
BLANK I and SCHIEBERLE P (1993), Analysis of the seasoning-like flavour substances of commercial
lovage extract (Levisticum officinale Koch.), Flav. Fragr. J., 8, 191–195.
BOWN D (1995), Encyclopedia of Herbs and their Uses, London, Dorling Kindersley.
BRUNETON J (1999), Toxic Plants Dangerous to Humans and Animals, Andover, Intercept Ltd.
BYLAITE E, VENSKUTONIS R P and ROOZEN J P (1998), Influence of harvesting time on the composition
of volatile components in different anatomical parts of lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.), J.
Agric. Food Chem., 46, 3735–3740.
BYLAITE E, ROOZEN J P, LEGGER A, VENSKUTONIS R P and POSTHUMUS M A (2000), Dynamic headspace-gas
chromatography-olfactometry analysis of different anatomical parts of lovage (Levisticum officinale
Koch.) at eight growing stages, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 6183–6190.
CESKA O, CHAUDHARY S K, WARRINGTON P J and ASHWOOD-SMITH M J (1987), Photoactive furocoumarins
in fruits of some Umbellifers, Phytochemistry, 26, 165–169.
CHEVALLIER A (1996), The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, London, Dorling Kindersley.
CHIEJ R (1984), The Macdonald Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, London, MacDonald & Co Ltd.
CORNER G W (1937), On early Salernitan surgery and especially the ‘Bamberg Surgery’ with an
account of a previously undescribed manuscript of the Bamberg surgery in the possession of Dr.
Harvey Cushing, Bull. Inst. Hist. Med., 5, 1–32.
CU J Q, PU F, SHI Y, PERINEU F, DELMAS M and GASET A (1990), The chemical composition of lovage
headspace and essential oil produced by solvent extraction with various solvents, J. Essent. Oil
Res., 2, 53–59.
DAUKšAS E, VENSKUTONIS R P and SIVIK B (1998), Extraction of Lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.)
roots by carbon dioxide. Effect of CO 2 parameters on the yield of the extract, J. Agric. Food.
Chem., 46, 4347–4351.
DAUKšAS E, VENSKUTONIS R P, SIVIK B and NILSON T (1999), Supercritical CO 2 extraction of the main
constituents of lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.) essential oil in model systems and overground
botanical parts of the plant, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 15, 51–62.
DAUKšAS E, VENSKUTONIS R P and SIVIK B (2002), Effect of fast CO 2 pressure changes on the yield of
lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) extracts. J. Supercrit.
Fluids, 22, 201–210.
DAUKSHA A D and DENISOVA E K (1969), Localization of coumarin compounds in Levisticum officinale
L., Biol. Nauki., 4, 88–90.
DE POOTER H L, COOLSAET B A, DIRINCK P J and SCHAMP N M (1985), GLC of the headspace after
concentration on Tenax GC and of the essential oils of apples, fresh celery, fresh lovage,
honeysuckle and ginger powder, in Baerheim-Svendsen A and Scheffer J J C, Essential Oils and
Aromatic Plants, Dordrecht, Nijhoff/Junk, 67–77.
DYDUCH J, NAJDA A, WOLSKI T and KWIATKOWSKI S (2003), A comparison of the methods of determination
of the content and composition of essential oil in the fruits of lovage. Folia Hort., 15, 141–148.


Table 26.3 Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of lovage seeds


Microorganisms ISa MSb RSc Ampicillind


DDe MICf DD MIC DD MIC DD

Bacillus subtilis 25 3.75 36 0.93 35 0.93 14
Enterococcus faecalis 19 15 17 7.5 13 7.5 11
Staphylococcus aureus 17 3.75 21 3.75 16 3.75 13
Staphylococcus epidermidis 23 1.87 26 0.93 25 1.87 19
Escherichia coli 19 15 18 7.5 15 7.5 12
Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 >15 10 >15 9 >15 –
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 >15 8 >15 9 >15 9.7


a Immature seed; bmature seed; cripened seed; dtested at a concentration of 10 mg/disk; ediameter of inhibition


zone (mm) including disk diameter of 6 mm; fminimum inhibitory concentration, values as mg/ml oil, inactive
(–), moderately active (7–14), highly active (>14).

Free download pdf