Handbook of Medicinal Herbs

(Dana P.) #1

M


Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Marijuana) — “Smoking cannabis causes
bronchosis and can induce squamous metaplasia and bronchial tumors.” A cannabis cigarette
generates ca. five times more carboxyhemoglobin than a tobacco cigarette. Cannabis is fetotoxic.
Exposure to cannabis in utero may cause a 10-fold increase in childhood leukemia risk. It can
trigger acute psychotic reactions in schizophrenia, and increases risk of new schizophrenia 6-fold.
Cannabis smoking impairs learning and short-term memory, persisting for perhaps several weeks.
Cannabis has been implicated in many road accidents and some air and rail accidents (Doyle and
Spencer, 1995). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).
Smoking quickly leads to euphoria with exaggerated sensuality, with alterations in space and time
perception, and acoustical, sensory, and visual hallucinations, lasting 2–3 hours in higher doses.
Although rarely reported, there are occasional acute poisonings with symptoms including cardiop-
athy, hacking cough, lacrimation, nausea, numbness, and vomiting. Chronic abuse may lead to
apathy, bronchosis, impotence, laryngitis, and psychic decline. Instances of death “are very rare”
(PHR). Smoking suppresses the luteinizing hormone in women.

Extracts (Marijuana) — The new Herbal PDR (Gruenwald, 1998) adduces animal or clinical
evidence for analgesic (“feeling no pain”), anticonvulsant, antiemetic, antiglaucomic, antistaphy-
lococcic, antistreptococcic, antitumor, bactericidal, bronchodilation, hypertensive and hypotensive,
orexigenic, and vasodilating activities (PHR). PNC relates the antiinflammatory activity to inhibi-
tions with cyclo-oxygenase, lipoxygenase, and phospholipase A2. THC is not as effective an
inflammatory as cannabidiol and cannabigerol, olivetol, and some of the flavonoids (PNC). Anal-
gesic, cataleptic, and hypotensive activities confirmed in animals (PNC). 3,5,4'-trihydroxybibenzyl-
methyl-ether is estrogenic (WO2). Caryophyllene on exposure rapidly converts to the epoxide,
which is responsible for recognition by police dogs. Maybe that’s why those dogs were after my
bag in Peru when I came in from Belize. ( = ) THC seems as affective as prochlorperazine in
reducing chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting (APA).

MARITIME PINE (Pinus pinaster Aiton) ++

Synonym: Pinus maritima Lam.
Activities (Maritime Pine) — Analgesic (1; FNF); Antiaging (f; X9817994); Antiaggregant (1;
X10882879); Antiallergic (1; FNF; IJO16:204); Antiamyloid (1; X10864026); Antianaphylactic
(1; FNF); Antianemic (1; X10793299); Antiasthmatic (1; FNF; PJB1(2):279); Antiatherogenic
(1; FNF; PJB1(2):279); Antibacterial (1; FNF; PM56(6):577); Anticancer (1; X10953304); Anti-
dermatotic (1; X11180529); Antiedemic (1; FNF; APP16:50); Antiexudative (1; FNF; APP16:50);
Antihistaminic (1; FNF); Anti-HIV (1; FNF); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF; PR13:619); Antioxidant
(1; X11087530); Antiplaque (1; X10864026); Antiradicular (1; FNF); Antiseptic (1; FNF);
Antisickling (1; X10793299); Antithromboxane (1; X10882879); Antiviral (1; FNF); Apoptotic
(1; X10953304); Cancer Preventive (1; FNF; HG22:30); Capillaritonic (1; APP16:50); Hemopoi-
etic (1; X9817994); Hyaluronidase Inhibitor (1; FNF; IJO16:204); Immunomodulator (1; FNF;
PR13:619); Lipolytic (1; FNF; PR13:619); Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1; X11087530); NO-Genic
(1; X10631311); Peroxidase Inhibitor (1; X11087530); Retinoprotective (1; X11351356); Sun-
screen (1; FNF); Xanthine-Oxidase Inhibitor (1; X11087530);
Indications (Maritime Pine) — ADD (1; X10517050); Allergy (1; FNF; IJO16:204); Alzheimer’s
(1; X10864026); Anaphylaxis (1; FNF); Anemia (1; X10793299); Asthma (1; FNF; PJB1(2):279);
Atherosclerosis (1; FNF; PJB1(2):279); Bacteria (1; FNF; PM56(6):577); Cancer (1; FNF;
HG22:30; X10953304); Capillary Fragility (1; APP16:50); Cardiopathy (1; FNF); CVI (1;
X11351356); Dementia (f; X9817994); Dermatosis (1; X11180529); Dysmenorrhea (1; FNF);
Edema (1; X11351356); Endometriosis (1; FNF); Enterosis (1; FNF); Gastrosis (1; FNF); HIV (1;
FNF); Hyperactivity (1; FNF; X105170500); Immunodepression (1; FNF; PR13:619); Infection
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