Child Development

Beverly Alindi, a seven year old, HIV-infected patient from Kenya, appears much smaller and younger than her actual age due to
complications from the virus. (AP Wide World Photos)

that many young adults with AIDS almost certainly ac-
quired their infection as teenagers. Throughout ado-
lescence, teenagers often feel a sense of
invulnerability and may therefore engage in risky be-
haviors such as drug use and unsafe sex. Alarmingly,
it has been estimated that more than 80 percent of
teenagers infected with HIV use condoms inconsis-
tently, and many of these adolescents probably do not
tell their partners about their diagnosis. Further-
more, sharing a single contaminated needle can in-
fect many users and, hence, their sexual partners.

Mental health professionals can play an impor-
tant role in the prevention of HIV by providing infor-
mation about safer sex, drug use, and other means of
transmission. School programs focused on self-
esteem building and assertiveness training have been
shown to help teenagers navigate the complex inter-
personal situations that can place them at risk for ac-
quiring HIV. Mental health professionals can also
work with parents, encouraging them to foster an en-
vironment of open communication in the home.

The Future Outlook

At the beginning of the 1990s, there was a bleak

outlook for those living with HIV. By the start of the

twenty-first century, children born with this virus were

graduating high school, attending trade schools or

colleges, and holding down jobs.

Along with proper medical care, attitude appears

to be essential. Those who keep themselves mentally

active, have a sense of purpose in their lives, and

maintain a sense of humor appear able to successfully

adapt to the continued uncertainties inherent in this

disease. Despite the many stresses they must face,

young adults with HIV need to be given the opportu-

nity to develop and pursue their goals. In an article

that appeared in the book Pediatric AIDS, Lori

Wiener, Anita Septimus, and Christine Grady empha-

sized that if recognized and nurtured, young people

with HIV have the potential to significantly contribute

to society. The psychologist working with children

and adolescents with HIV can play an essential role

in helping these individuals overcome obstacles and

achieve their goals. Thus, for patients with HIV and

6 ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME