APPENDIX A 459TABLE 19
Mortality Rate for Children Ages 1 to 4 by Age, Gender, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Cause of Death, Selected Years 1980–
1989
(Deaths per 100,000 children in each group)Characteristic 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998*
Ages 1– 4
Totala 63.9 51.8 46.8 47.4 43.6 44.8 42.9 40.6 38.3 35.8 34.4
Gender
Male 72.6 58.5 52.4 52.0 48.0 49.5 47.3 44.8 42.2 39.7 37.5
Female 54.7 44.8 41.0 42.7 39.0 39.9 38.2 36.2 34.3 31.8 31.2
Race and Hispanic originb
White 57.9 46.6 41.1 41.7 38.1 38.3 36.5 35.1 32.9 31.6 29.9
White, non-Hispanicc — 45.3 37.6 38.7 36.3 36.4 35.1 33.9 32.1 31.1 29.3
Black 97.6 80.7 76.8 79.7 73.2 79.1 77.2 70.3 67.6 59.2 61.4
Hispanicc,d — 46.1 43.5 43.6 41.7 42.0 39.1 36.7 33.6 31.3 30.0
Asian/Pacific Islander 43.2 40.1 38.6 30.4 26.9 30.5 25.3 25.4 25.1 25.1 18.7
Leading causes of death
Unintentional injuries 25.9 20.2 17.3 17.5 15.9 16.4 15.9 14.5 13.8 13.1 —
Cancer 4.5 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.9 —
Birth defects 8.0 5.9 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.1 4.5 4.4 4.1 3.8 —
Homicide 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.4 —
Heart disease 2.6 2.2 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 —
Pneumonia/influenza 2.1 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 —
Injury-related deaths by cause
All injuries (intentional and 28.9 23.0 19.9 20.5 18.7 19.4 19.0 17.4 16.7 15.5 —
unintentional)
Motor vehicle traffic related 7.4 5.9 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.3 —
Drowning 5.7 4.4 3.9 3.9. 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.1
Fire and burns 6.1 4.8 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.1 3.0 2.5 —
Firearms 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 —
Suffocation 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 —
Pedestrian (non-traffic)e 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 —
Fall 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 —
— = not available
*Preliminary data.
aTotal includes American Indians/Alaska Natives.
bDeath rates for American Indians/Alaska Natives are not shown separately, because the numbers of deaths were too small for the calculation of reliable rates.
cTrend data for Hispnics and white, non-Hispanics are effected by expansion of the reporting area in which an item on Hispanic origin is included on the death
certificate as well as by immigration. These two factors affect numbers of events, composition of the Hispanic population, and health characteristics. Tabulations are
restricted to a subset of the States with the item on the death certificate and that meet a minimal quality standard. The quality of reporting has improved
substantially over time, so that the minimal quality standard was relaxed in 1992 to those areas reporting Hispanic origin on at least 80 percent of records. The
number of States in the reporting area increased from 15 in 1984 to 17 and the District of Columbia (DC) in 1985; 18 and DC in 1986-87; 26 and DC in 1988; 44
and DC in 1989; 45, New York State (excluding New York City), and DC in 1990; 47, New York State (excluding New York City), and DC in 1991; 48 and DC in 1992;
and 49 and DC in 1993-96. The population data in 1990 and 1991 do not exclude New York City. Data for 1998 are preliminary due to incomplete reporting for
California.
dPersons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
eIncludes death occurring on private property. Pedestrian deaths on public roads are inlcuded in motor vehicle traffic related.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Satistics, National Vital Statistics System.—cde_appx_A 8/29/03 8:21 AM Page 459