Orphans and Vulnerable Children - CRIN

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Gender-based Roles

In this activity, you will:

 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of gender roles, especially for girls

Facilitator’s notes:

This activity expands on the last activity and looks at the advantages and, especially, the disadvantages
of gender roles. Given that gender roles would usually be accepted within a cultural group, you will
need to conduct the discussion in a loaded way, so as to stimulate more critical responses from
participants. Be especially aware of this when discussing the disadvantages of ascribed gender roles
and emphasise how gender roles commonly discriminate against women.

In discussing this sensitive topic, you may find it useful to highlight the difference between social
behaviours and cultural norms. Social behaviour, such as men’s violence against women, may not be
a cultural norm in a society. Similarly, discrimination against girl children getting an adequate
education may have no real foundation in a society’s norms.

Activity 2

General disadvantages of gender roles, especially for girls:

• Lack of access to information and schooling, because of the nature and long
  hours of girls’ work


• Low levels of education and life skills because
  girls are often withdrawn from school to
  look after siblings and sick parents


• Early marriages due to lack of education
  and economic independence


• Girls become commercial sex workers
  due to economic vulnerability


• Violence against women


• Risk of unprotected sex because girls
  lack adequate knowledge and information


• Rape and difficulty in negotiating for safer sex for many girls,
  exposing them to high risk of HIV infection


• Male drunkenness and drug abuse impacting on the physical safety of girls.

Cultural and social considerations:

Often married and unmarried men have multiple partners, including sex workers, and this behaviour

is socially accepted. Cultural attitudes condone or even encourage male sexual freedom and

repress female sexuality. The practice of multiple partners and commercial sex services places

girls and women at risk. It is a significant factor in promoting the spread of HIV/AIDS, thus

fuelling the problems that further lead to orphans and vulnerable children. In many other cases,

women are expected to have relations with, or marry, older men who are more experienced

and more likely to be infected with HIV. Men may also seek younger partners in order to avoid

infection; and in the unfounded belief that sex with a virgin cures AIDS and other diseases.

Guide to Mobilising and Strengthening Community-Led Care for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Unit 2, Module 1^141