Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

104

CHAPTER 6

Chapter Outline

Functions of the Skeleton
Types of Bone Tissue
Classification of Bones
Embryonic Growth of Bone
Factors That Affect Bone Growth and
Maintenance
The Skeleton
Skull
Vertebral Column
Rib Cage
The Shoulder and Arm
The Hip and Leg
Joints—Articulations
The Classification of Joints
Synovial Joints
Aging and the Skeletal System

BOX6–1 FRACTURES AND THEIR REPAIR

BOX6–2 OSTEOPOROSIS

BOX6–3 HERNIATED DISC

BOX6–4 ABNORMALITIES OF THE CURVES

OF THE SPINE

BOX6–5 ARTHRITIS

Student Objectives

• Describe the functions of the skeleton.


• Explain how bones are classified, and give an
  example of each type.


• Describe how the embryonic skeleton model is
  replaced by bone.


• Name the nutrients necessary for bone growth,
  and explain their functions.


• Name the hormones involved in bone growth and
  maintenance, and explain their functions.


• Explain what is meant by “exercise” for bones, and
  explain its importance.


• Name all the bones of the human skeleton (be able
  to point to each on diagrams, skeleton models, or
  yourself).


• Describe the functions of the skull, vertebral col-
  umn, rib cage, scapula, and pelvic bone.


• Explain how joints are classified. For each type,
  give an example, and describe the movement pos-
  sible.


• Describe the parts of a synovial joint, and explain
  their functions.