Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

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CHAPTER 13

C

Chapter Outline

Arteries
Veins
Anastomoses
Capillaries
Exchanges in Capillaries
Pathways of Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Fetal Circulation
Velocity of Blood Flow
Blood Pressure
Maintenance of Systemic Blood Pressure
Distribution of Blood Flow
Regulation of Blood Pressure
Intrinsic Mechanisms
Nervous Mechanisms
Aging and the Vascular System

BOX13–1 DISORDERS OF ARTERIES

BOX13–2 DISORDERS OF VEINS

BOX13–3 PULSE SITES

BOX13–4 HYPERTENSION

BOX13–5 CIRCULATORY SHOCK

Student Objectives

• Describe the structure of arteries and veins, and
  relate their structure to function.


• Explain the purpose of arterial and venous anasto-
  moses.


• Describe the structure of capillaries, and explain
  the exchange processes that take place in capillar-
  ies.


• Describe the pathway and purpose of pulmonary
  circulation.


• Name the branches of the aorta and their distribu-
  tions.


• Name the major systemic veins, and the parts of
  the body they drain of blood.


• Describe the pathway and purpose of hepatic por-
  tal circulation.


• Describe the modifications of fetal circulation, and
  explain the purpose of each.


• Explain the importance of slow blood flow in cap-
  illaries.


• Define blood pressure, and state the normal
  ranges for systemic and pulmonary blood pressure.


• Explain the factors that maintain systemic blood
  pressure.


• Explain how the heart and kidneys are involved in
  the regulation of blood pressure.


• Explain how the medulla and the autonomic nerv-
  ous system regulate the diameter of blood vessels.