Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

energy is used to bond a free phosphate molecule to
ADP (adenosine diphosphate). ADP and free phos-
phates are present in cells after ATP has been broken
down for energy-requiring processes.
The breakdown of glucose summarized here is not
quite that simple, however, and involves a complex
series of reactions. Glucose is taken apart “piece by

piece,” with the removal of hydrogens and the split-

ting of carbon–carbon bonds. This releases the energy

of glucose gradually, so that a significant portion

(about 40%) is available to synthesize ATP.

Cell respiration of glucose involves three major

stages: glycolysis, the Krebs citric acid cycle, and the

cytochrome (or electron) transport system. Although

402 Body Temperature and Metabolism

(^114) ̊
(^112) ̊
(^110) ̊
(^108) ̊
(^106) ̊
(^104) ̊
(^102) ̊
(^100) ̊
(^98) ̊
(^96) ̊
(^94) ̊
(^92) ̊
(^90) ̊
(^88) ̊
(^86) ̊
(^84) ̊
(^82) ̊
(^80) ̊
(^78) ̊
(^76) ̊
(^74) ̊
(^72) ̊
(^70) ̊
(^68) ̊
(^66) ̊
(^44) ̊
(^42) ̊
(^40) ̊
(^38) ̊
(^37) ̊
(^36) ̊
(^34) ̊
(^32) ̊
(^30) ̊
(^28) ̊
(^26) ̊
(^24) ̊
Upper limit of survival?
Body temperature Temperature regulation by
the hypothalamus
Heat stroke or high fever
Strenuous exercise or fever
Usual range of normal
Hypothermia
(cold weather or
immersion in
cold water)
Lower limit of survival?

̊F ̊C

Temperature regulation is

lost

Temperature regulation is

impaired

Temperature regulation is

efficient

Temperature regulation is

seriously impaired

Figure 17–2. Effects of changes in body temperature on the temperature-regulating

ability of the hypothalamus. Body temperature is shown in degrees Fahrenheit and degrees

Celsius.

QUESTION:Give a range of temperature that an average person would probably survive.