584 Glossarysucrose to glucose and fructose; secreted by the small
intestine (Chapter 16).
Sucrose(SOO-krohs) A disaccharide made of one glucose
and one fructose molecule (Syn.—cane sugar, table
sugar) (Chapter 2).
Sulcus(SUHL-kus) A furrow or groove, as between the gyri
of the cerebrum (Syn.—fissure) (Chapter 8).
Superficial (soo-per-FISH-uhl) Toward the surface
(Chapter 1).
Superficial fascia(soo-per-FISH-uhl FASH-ee-ah) The
subcutaneous tissue, between the dermis and the muscles.
Consists of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue
(Chapter 4).
Superior(soo-PEER-ee-your) Above, or higher (Chap-
ter 1).
Superior vena cava(VEE-nah KAY-vah) The vein that
returns blood from the upper body to the right atrium
(Chapter 12).
Supination(SOO-pi-NAY-shun) Turning the palm upward,
or lying face up (Chapter 7).
Suspensory ligaments (suh-SPEN-suh-ree LIG-uh-
ments) The strands of connective tissue that connect the
ciliary body to the lens of the eye (Chapter 9).
Sustentacular cells(SUS-ten-TAK-yoo-lar SELLS) The
cells of the testes that secrete inhibin (Chapter 20).
Suture(SOO-cher) A synarthrosis, an immovable joint
between cranial bones or facial bones (from the Latin
“seam”) (Chapter 6).
Sympathetic(SIM-puh-THET-ik) The division of the
autonomic nervous system that dominates during stress-
ful situations (Chapter 8).
Sympathomimetic(SIM-pah-tho-mi-MET-ik) Having the
same effects as sympathetic impulses, as has epinephrine,
a hormone of the adrenal medulla (Chapter 10).
Symphysis(SIM-fi-sis) An amphiarthrosis in which a disc
of cartilage is found between two bones, as in the verte-
bral column (Chapter 6).
Symptomatic infection(SIMP-toh-MAT-ik) An infection
in which the patient exhibits the symptoms of the disease
(Chapter 22).
Synapse(SIN-aps) The space between the axon of one neu-
ron and the cell body or dendrite of the next neuron or
between the end of a motor neuron and an effector cell
(Chapter 4).
Synaptic knob(si-NAP-tik NAHB) The end of an axon of
a neuron that releases a neurotransmitter (Chapter 8).
Synarthrosis(SIN-ar-THROH-sis) An immovable joint,
such as a suture (Chapter 6).
Synergistic muscles(SIN-er-JIS-tik MUSS-uhls) Muscles
that have the same function, or a stabilizing function,
with respect to the movement of a joint (Chapter 7).
Synovial fluid(sin-OH-vee-uhl FLOO-id) A thick slippery
fluid that prevents friction within joint cavities (Chap-
ter 6).
Synovial membrane(sin-OH-vee-uhl MEM-brayn) Theconnective tissue membrane that lines joint cavities and
secretes synovial fluid (Chapter 4).
Synthesis(SIN-the-siss) The process of forming complex
molecules or compounds from simpler compounds or
elements (Chapter 2).
Syphilis(SIFF-i-lis) A sexually transmitted disease caused
by the bacterium Treponema pallidum; may also cause con-
genital syphilis in newborns of infected women (Chap-
ter 20).
Systemic infection(sis-TEM-ik) An infection that has
spread throughout the body from an initial site (Chap-
ter 22).
Systole(SIS-tuh-lee) In the cardiac cycle, the contraction of
the myocardium; ventricular systole pumps blood into
the arteries (Chapter 12).—T—
T cells(T SELLS) A subgroup of lymphocytes; include
helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and memory T cells, all
of which are involved in adaptive immune responses
(Chapter 11).
T tubule(TEE TOO-byool) A transverse tubule, a fold of
the sarcolemma; carries the action potential to the inte-
rior of a muscle fiber (Chapter 7).
Tachycardia(TAK-ee-KAR-dee-yah) An abnormally rapid
heart rate; more than 100 beats per minute (Chapter 12).
Taenia coli (TAY-nee-uh KOH-lye) The longitudinal
muscle layer of the colon; three bands of smooth muscle
fibers that extend from the cecum to the sigmoid colon
(Chapter 16).
Talus(TAL-us) One of the tarsals; articulates with the tibia
(Chapter 6).
Target organ(TAR-get OR-gan) The organ (or tissue) in
which a hormone exerts its specific effects (Chapter 10).
Tarsals(TAR-suhls) The seven short bones in each ankle
(Chapter 6).
Taste buds(TAYST BUDS) Structures on the papillae of
the tongue that contain the chemoreceptors for the detec-
tion of chemicals (food) dissolved in saliva (Chapter 9).
Tears (TEERS) The watery secretion of the lacrimal
glands; wash the anterior surface of the eyeball and keep
it moist (Chapter 9).
Teeth(TEETH) Bony projections in the upper and lower
jaws that function in chewing (Chapter 16).
Telophase(TELL-ah-fayz) The fourth stage of mitosis, in
which two nuclei are re-formed (Chapter 3).
Temporal bone(TEM-puh-ruhl) The flat bone that forms
the side of the cranial cavity and contains middle and
inner ear structures (Chapter 6).
Temporal lobes(TEM-puh-ruhl LOWBS) The lateral
parts of the cerebrum; contain the auditory, olfactory,
and taste areas (Chapter 8).
Tendon(TEN-dun) A fibrous connective tissue structure
that connects muscle to bone (Chapter 7).30Scanlon(p3) Glossary 8/17/06 11:08 AM Page 584