Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

True ribs, 122

Trypsin, 379

Tubal ligation, 461b

Tubular reabsorption (urinary system),

425–427

Tubular secretion (urinary system), 427

Tunica externa, 292, 293f

Tunica intima, 292, 293f

Tunica media, 292, 293f

Twins, 478b

Tympanic canal, 213f

Tympanic membrane. SeeEardrum

Type I cell, 350f

U

Ubiquitin, 51

Ulna, 114f, 122, 124f, 125t, 139f

Ulnar artery, 297f, 300t

Ulnar nerve, 173f, 174t

Ulnar vein, 302t

Ultrasound, 481b

Umbilical arteries, 303–304, 305f

Umbilical cord, 305f, 480, 483f, 485f

Umbilical vein, 304, 305f

Upper respiratory tract, 345f

Urea, 98

Ureter, 420f, 422f, 431, 432f

Urethra, 159f, 420f, 431, 432f, 463f

penis, 462

Urethral opening, 467f

Urethral orifice, 432f

Urinary bladder, 190f, 191t, 420f, 431,

432f, 459f, 463f

Urinary system, 5f, 419–435, 420f

aging, 433–435

Urinary tract infections, 435b

Urination reflex, 431

Urine

abnormal constituents, 434t

characteristics, 432–433

characteristics of normal, 434t

elimination, 431

formation, 424–425, 427–428

Urobilin, 258f

Uterus, 226f, 375f, 463f, 464f, 465, 483f

Utricle, 212f, 214–215, 215f

Uvula, 345f

V

Vaccines, 334, 335b, 337b

Vagina, 159f, 463f, 464f, 465–466, 467f,

483f

Vagus nerve, 188f, 189t, 190f, 285f

Vallate papillae, 201f

Valve, 293f

Varicose veins, 294b

Vas deferens, 461

Vascular spasm, 264

Vascular system, 291–314

Vasoconstriction, 98, 397

Vasodilation, 92b, 98, 397

Vasomotor center, 312t

Vasopressin. SeeAntidiuretic hormone

(ADH)

Vastus lateralis, 149b, 152f, 153f, 158f

Vastus medialis, 153f, 158f

Veins, 292–293, 293f, 356f

disorders, 294b

head and neck, 299f

Vena cavae, 356f

Venous return, 283, 307–308

Ventilation, 347

Ventral cavity, 13

Ventral root, 170f, 172

Ventricle (brain), 176, 177f, 178f, 186f

Ventricle (heart), 275–277

Ventricular diastole, 279f

Ventricular systole, 279f

Venules, 292–293, 293f, 348f, 375f

Vermiform appendix, 371f

Vertebrae, 119

Vertebral artery, 297f, 300t, 303f

Vertebral body, 120f

Vertebral canal, 120, 120f

Vertebral column, 119–122, 120f

Vertebral vein, 298f

Vestibular branch, 211f

Vestibular canal, 213f

Vestibular membrane, 213f

Vestibular nerve, 212f

Vestibule (ear), 211f, 214

Vestibulocochlear nerve, 212f

Vestigial organ, 385

Villi, 383

Virulence, 500

Virus, 498–499, 511–512

diseases caused, 520–522t

shapes, 511f

Visceral effectors, 187

Visceral motor neurons, 187

Visceral muscle, 79

Visceral pericardium, 274

Visceral pleura, 83f, 347

Visceral sensations, 202

Visceral sensory neurons, 170

Vision, physiology, 207–210

Visual area (brain), 180f, 182

Visual association area (brain), 180f

Vital capacity, 353

Vitamin A, 409t

Vitamin C, 409t

Vitamin D, 409t, 430

Vitamin E, 409t

Vitamin K, 409t

Vitamins, 408, 409t

Vitamins and minerals, 408

Vitreous humor, 207

Vocal cords, 346, 346f, 347f

Vocal folds, 348f

Voiding (urine), 431

Volar arch, 300t

Volar digital vein, 298f

Voluntary muscle, 79

Vomer, 115f, 116, 116f

Vulva, 466

W

Water compartments, 29, 29f, 442–443,

442f

Water intake and output, 443–445, 443t,

444f

Weight loss, 411b

White blood cells (WBC), 75, 261–263;

see alsoleukocytes

functions, 262–263

types, 264b

White matter, 170f, 171, 172, 179, 185f

Withdrawal reflexes, 175; see alsoFlexor

reflexes

Word blindness, 182b

Word deafness, 182b

Worms (Helminths), 499, 514, 515f

infestations caused, 523t

X

Xiphoid process, 122, 123f

Y

Yellow bone marrow, 106

Yolk sac, 477, 479f

Z

Z line, 142, 144f

Zinc, 410t

Zona pellucida, 478f

Zygomatic arch, 114f

Zygomatic bone, 109f, 115f, 116, 116f

Zygomatic process, 115f, 116f

Zygomaticus, 154f

Zygote, 457

Index 603

31Scanlon(p3) Index 8/17/06 11:09 AM Page 603