Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

CHAPTER 3

Chapter Outline

Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm and Cell Organelles
Cellular Transport Mechanisms
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Filtration
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
DNA and the Genetic Code
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Cell Division
Mitosis
Meiosis
Aging and Cells

BOX3–1 TERMINOLOGY OF SOLUTIONS

BOX3–2 GENETIC DISEASE—SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA

BOX3–3 ABNORMAL CELLULAR FUNCTIONING—

CANCER

Student Objectives

• Name the organic molecules that make up cell
  membranes and state their functions.


• State the functions of the nucleus and chromo-
  somes.


• Describe the functions of the cell organelles.


• Define each of these cellular transport mecha-
  nisms and give an example of the role of each in
  the body: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion,
  active transport, filtration, phagocytosis, and
  pinocytosis.


• Describe the triplet code of DNA.


• Explain how the triplet code of DNA is tran-
  scribed and translated in the synthesis of proteins.


• Describe what happens in mitosis and in meiosis.


• Use examples to explain the importance of mitosis.


• Explain the importance of meiosis.

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