Wall Stability † at right angles to floor and ceiling joists this is
achieved by building the joists into masonry support walls or
locating them on approved joist hangers.
Walls parallel to joists are stabilised by lateral restraint straps.
Buildings constructed before current stability requirements (see
Bldg. Regs. A.D; A † Structure) often show signs of wall bulge due
to the effects of eccentric loading and years of thermal movement.
Lateral Restraint---Retro-ties