Congress found that juveniles in adult facilities are five times more likely to be sexually
assaulted. 42 U.S.C. § 15601 ( 4 ).12 As he sank deeper into despair ... Laughlin, “Does Separation Equal Suffering?”
13 By 2010 , Florida had sentenced ... Florida had sentenced a total of seventy-seven
juveniles to life imprisonment without parole for non-homicide offenses. Brief of
Petitioner, Graham v. Florida, U.S. Supreme Court ( 2009 ); Paolo G. Annino, David W.
Rasmussen, and Chelsea B. Rice, Juvenile Life without Parole for Non-Homicide Offenses:
Florida Compared to the Nation ( 2009 ), 2 , table A.
14 several of whom were thirteen years old ... Two thirteen-year-olds in Florida, including
Joe Sullivan, had been sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for non-homicide
offenses. Annino, Rasmussen, and Rice, Juvenile Life without Parole for Non-Homicide
Offenses, chart E ( 2009 ).
15 All of the youngest ...“Cruel and Unusual: Sentencing 13 - and 14 - Year-Old Children to
Die in Prison,” Equal Justice Initiative ( 2008 ), available at http://eji.org/eji/files/Cruel%
20 and% 20 Unusual% 202008 _ 0 .pdf, accessed April 30 , 2014.
16 Florida had the largest population ... The United States is the only country in the world
that sentences juveniles to die in prison for non-homicide offenses, and Florida has
sentenced far more such offenders to life without parole than any other state. Annino,
Rasmussen, and Rice, Juvenile Life without Parole for Non-Homicide Offenses, chart E.
17 “He was excited to take his picture”... In re Nunez, 173 Cal.App. 4 th 709 , 720 ( 2009 ).
18 He got his hands on a gun ... In re Nunez, 173 Cal.App. 4 th 709 , 720 – 21 ( 2009 ).
19 Many adults convicted of attempted murder ...“Violent Crimes,” Florida Department of
Corrections, available at http://www.dc.state.fl.us/pub/timeserv/annual/section 2 .html, accessed
January 9 , 2014 ; Matthew R. Durose and Patrick A. Langan, “Felony Sentences in State
Courts, 2004 ,” Bureau of Justice Statistics (July 2007 ), available at http://www.bjs.gov/
content/pub/pdf/fssc 04 .pdf; “State Court Sentencing of Convicted Felons 2004 —
Statistical Tables,” Bureau of Justice Statistics ( 2007 ), available at http://www.bjs.gov/content/
pub/html/scscf 04 /scscf 04 mt.cfm, accessed January 10 , 2013.
20 For instance, in the infamous ... James Goodman, Stories of Scottsboro (New York:
Pantheon Books, 1994 ), 8.
21 Within hours of announcing ... David I. Bruck, “Executing Teen Killers Again: The 14 -
Year-Old Who, in Many Ways, Was Too Small for the Chair,” Washington Post (September
15 , 1985 ).
22 Despite appeals from the NAACP ... Bruck, “Executing Teen Killers Again.”
23 Witnesses to the execution ... Bruck, “Executing Teen Killers Again.”
24 Recently, an effort has been launched ... George Stinney’s family members are now
seeking a new trial or exoneration for Stinney through the court system. Hearings were
held in a South Carolina court in January 2014. Alan Blinder, “Family of South Carolina
Boy Put to Death Seeks Exoneration 70 Years Later,” New York Times (January 22 , 2014 );
Eliott C. McLaughlin, “New Trial Sought for George Stinney, Executed at 14 ,” CNN.com
(January 23 , 2014 ).