The Mismeasure of Man by Stephen Jay Gould

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT He objected strenuously both to the first principal component (which produced Spearman's g) and to ...

THE MISMEASURE OF MAN from one battery to another and has no fundamental psychological signif- icance beyond the arbitrary colle ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT in a test performance, and one can imagine that an ability has no effect on a test performance, but ...

THE MISMEASURE OF MAN Thurstone therefore calculated the Spearman-Burt principal com- ponents and then rotated them to different ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT mathematically equivalent; neither is "better." Information is nei- ther gained nor lost by rotatin ...

THE MISMEASL'RE OF MAN Thurstone reified his simple structure axes as primary mental abilities and sought to specify their numbe ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT 333 group factors existed, Brown and Stephenson (1933) gave twenty- two cognitive tests to three hu ...

334 THE MISMEASURE OF MAN different views about the real nature of intelligence—and the acceptance of one or the other entailed ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT 335 In educational practice the rash assumption that the general factor has at length been demolish ...

33 6 THE MISMEASURE OF MAN seeds of commitment to reifying abstract concepts—gregariousness in this case—as things within us). H ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT 337 inferiority—or of environmentalist goodies extolling the irreduci- ble worth of all human being ...

338 THE MISMEASURE OF MAN "out there" in fixed positions within a factorial space. He argued that Spearman and Burt's factors we ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT 339 vidual test would always record the same PMA's only in simple structures that are "complete and ...

34 ° THE MISMEASURE OF MAN always demonstrate that a general factor exists; using the latter, we could almost always demonstrate ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT Oblique axes and second-order g Since Thurstone pioneered the geometrical representation of tests a ...

THE MISMEASURE OF MAN called oblique simple structures, or systems of correlated axes. (Uncorrelated axes are called "orthogonal ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT 343 the same argument and ask whether this correlation reflects some higher or more basic cause? Th ...

344 THE MISMEASURE OF MAN had admitted the second-order general factor. The two schools were not united and Spearman's g was not ...

THE REAL ERROR OF CYRIL BURT 345 unintentionally amusing aside, Thurstone once mused over the technical differences between Burt ...

34 & THE MISMEASURE OF MAN Thurstone on the uses of factor analysts Thurstone sometimes advanced grandiose claims for the ex ...